Sex-specific transcriptome dynamics of Anopheles gambiae during embryonic development [Ag55 CUT&Tag]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1262433 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR33554901_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33554901_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33554902_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33554902_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33554903_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are extremely sexually dimorphic in their anatomy and behaviour. Sex-specific gene expression in Anopheles gambiae is well-studied in adult stages, but its onset during embryogenesis, apart from sex-determination factors like Yob, remains largely unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive single-embryo transcriptome atlas of A. gambiae males and females to understand the earliest stages of establishing the sex-specific expression networks. Our dataset reveals embryonic RNA isoform diversity including a global shift towards distal alternative polyadenylation (APA) events sites during the maternal-to-zygotic genome transition. Sex-biased gene expression and alternative splicing are limited during embryogenesis, with most sex-specific patterns emerging post-embryonically. X chromosome dosage compensation is established shortly after zygotic genome activation concomitant with direct binding of the master regulator protein SOA to X-linked promoters. Unlike the dosage compensation regulators in Drosophila or mammals, SOA operates in a one-step fashion, directly binding CA-rich promoter motifs without prioritizing certain gene groups over others. We propose that the Anopheles dosage compensation system represents an evolutionary endpoint of a gene-by-gene regulatory mechanism that evolved to a chromosome-wide scale.
2024-12-20 | GSE285041 | GEO
Project description:Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are extremely sexually dimorphic in their anatomy and behaviour. Sex-specific gene expression in Anopheles gambiae is well-studied in adult stages, but its onset during embryogenesis, apart from sex-determination factors like Yob, remains largely unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive single-embryo transcriptome atlas of A. gambiae males and females to understand the earliest stages of establishing the sex-specific expression networks. Our dataset reveals embryonic RNA isoform diversity including a global shift towards distal alternative polyadenylation (APA) events sites during the maternal-to-zygotic genome transition. Sex-biased gene expression and alternative splicing are limited during embryogenesis, with most sex-specific patterns emerging post-embryonically. X chromosome dosage compensation is established shortly after zygotic genome activation concomitant with direct binding of the master regulator protein SOA to X-linked promoters. In contrast to DC regulators in Drosophila and mammals, we find rather weak evidence in Anopheles for early binding sites or distance-dependent patterns. Instead, both compensation and binding tend to occur locally and uniformly across genes and developmental stages. The most highly expressed genes tend to show the strongest SOA binding. We propose that the Anopheles dosage compensation system represents an extreme case of a gene-by-gene regulatory mechanism that operates at the chromosome-wide level.
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Project description:Sex-specific transcriptome dynamics of Anopheles gambiae during embryonic development [CUT&Tag]
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Project description:Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes are extremely sexually dimorphic in their anatomy and behaviour. Sex-specific gene expression in Anopheles gambiae is well-studied in adult stages, but its onset during embryogenesis, apart from sex-determination factors like Yob, remains largely unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive single-embryo transcriptome atlas of A. gambiae males and females to understand the earliest stages of establishing the sex-specific expression networks. Our dataset reveals embryonic RNA isoform diversity including a global shift towards distal alternative polyadenylation (APA) events sites during the maternal-to-zygotic genome transition. Sex-biased gene expression and alternative splicing are limited during embryogenesis, with most sex-specific patterns emerging post-embryonically. X chromosome dosage compensation is established shortly after zygotic genome activation concomitant with direct binding of the master regulator protein SOA to X-linked promoters. In contrast to DC regulators in Drosophila and mammals, we find rather weak evidence in Anopheles for early binding sites or distance-dependent patterns. Instead, both compensation and binding tend to occur locally and uniformly across genes and developmental stages. The most highly expressed genes tend to show the strongest SOA binding. We propose that the Anopheles dosage compensation system represents an extreme case of a gene-by-gene regulatory mechanism that operates at the chromosome-wide level.
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Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
2023-07-25 | GSE210628 | GEO
Project description:Differences between males and females are central to the biology of thousands of species across the tree of life. Sex chromosomes play a key role, but despite their their evolutionary diversity, the regulatory mechanisms have been mostly elucidated in the three model species Mammals, D. melanogaster and C. elegans. Here we present the characterization of the first X chromosome dosage compensation (DC) pathway in a non-model organism, the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In mosquitos, DC corrects the imbalance in gene expression between sexes by approximately two-fold upregulation of male X-linked genes. We have identified SOA, a previously uncharacterized gene, which is specific to Anophelinae and activated concomitantly with the onset of DC. SOA displays sex-specific alternative splicing, where only males express full-length protein. SOA is a DNA-binding protein, specifically localizes to an X chromosome territory and binds promoters of active X-linked genes. Expression of the male, but not female isoform, is sufficient to induce DC. SOA knock-out mosquitos display a male-specific developmental delay, which is associated with a global downregulation of the X chromosome. Thus, SOA is the first DC factor discovered in Anopheles and provides only the fourth DC pathway ever identified to date. Since only females are blood-feeding and able to transmit malaria, identification of this sex-specific pathway is highly relevant and an important progress for malaria control programs.
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Project description:SOA confers X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes (CUT&Tag I)
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Project description:SOA confers X chromosome dosage compensation in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes (CUT&Tag II)
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