Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1265874 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Seaweeds may represent immunostimulants that could be used as health-promoting fish feed components thereby offering an alternative for the use of antibiotics. This study was performed to gain insights into the immunomodulatory effects of dietary seaweeds in Atlantic salmon. Specifically tested were 10% inclusion levels of Laminaria digitata (SW1) and a commercial blend of seaweeds (Oceanfeed®) (SW2) against a fishmeal based control diet (FMC). Differences between groups were assessed in growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and blood parameters hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb). After a LPS challenge of fish representing each of the three groups, RNAseq was performed on head kidneys to determine transcriptomic differences in response to the immune activation, to our knowledge for the first time in fish in this context. Atlantic salmon fed with dietary seaweeds showed slightly higher FCRs and more homogenous growth but in general no major differences in performance in comparison with fishmeal fed fish. RNAseq resulted in ~154 million reads which were mapped against a NCBI Salmo salar reference and against a de novo assembled Salmo salar reference for analyses of expression of immune genes and ontology of immune processes among the 87,600 cDNA contigs. The dietary seaweeds provoked a more efficient immune response which involved more efficient identification of the infection site, and processing and presentation of antigens. More specifically, chemotaxis and the chemokine-mediated signaling pathway with involvement of genes such as C-C motif chemokine 19 were improved and the defense response to Gram-positive bacterium reduced. The predicted integrin alpha-2-like gene had by far the highest up-regulated expression and may therefore represent a key marker gene of the LPS immune response in salmonids. Specific Laminaria digita effects included reduction of the cytokine-mediated signalling pathway as indicated by the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and interferon-gamma-mediated signalling as indicated by STAT1 and the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase precursor. Highly upregulated and specific for this diet was the expression of Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein. The commercial blend of seaweeds caused more differential expression than Laminaria digita and improved immune processes such as receptor-mediated endocytosis, inflammatory response, cell adhesion and response to lipopolysaccharide. Particularly expression of many important immune receptors was up-regulated illustrating increased responsiveness. NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha is an important gene that marked the difference between both seaweed diets as Laminaria digita inhibits the production of this cytokine while the blend of seaweeds stimulates it. It can be concluded that replacing fishmeal partly with seaweeds such as Laminaria digita can have important modulatory effects on the immune capacity of Atlantic salmon resulting in a more efficient immune response.
2018-06-14 | GSE101545 | GEO
Project description:Humans harbor numerous species of colonic bacteria that digest the fiber polysaccharides in commonly consumed terrestrial plants. More recently in history, regional populations have consumed edible seaweeds (macroalgae) containing unique polysaccharides. However, it remains unclear how extensively gut bacteria have adapted to digest these novel nutrients. Here, we show that the ability of gut bacteria to digest seaweed polysaccharides is considerably more pervasive than previously appreciated. Using culture-based approaches, we show that known Bacteroides genes involved in seaweed degradation have mobilized into many members of this genus. We also identify new marine bacteria-derived genes, and their corresponding mobile DNA elements, that are involved in degrading several seaweed polysaccharides. Some of these new genes reside in gut-resident, Gram-positive Firmicutes, for which phylogenetic analysis suggests an origin in the Epulopiscium gut symbionts of marine fishes. Our results are important for understanding the metabolic plasticity of the human gut microbiome, the global exchange of genes in the context of dietary selective pressures and identifying new functions that can be introduced or engineered to design and fill orthogonal niches for a future generation of engineered probiotics.
2021-11-04 | PXD019149 | Pride
Project description:Seaweeds in the upper intertidal zone experience extreme desiccation during low tide, followed by rapid rehydration during high tide. Porphyra sensu lato are typical upper intertidal seaweeds. Thus, it is valuable to investigate the adaptive conditions and mechanisms of seaweed to desiccation-rehydration stress.
2022-03-02 | PXD030324 | Pride
Project description:Opioid analgesics are frequently prescribed in the United States and worldwide. However, serious side effects such as addiction, immunosuppression and gastrointestinal symptoms limit long term use. In the current study using a chronic morphine-murine model a longitudinal approach was undertaken to investigate the role of morphine modulation of gut microbiome as a mechanism contributing to the negative consequences associated with opioids use. The results revealed a significant shift in the gut microbiome and metabolome within 24 hours following morphine treatment when compared to placebo. Morphine induced gut microbial dysbiosis exhibited distinct characteristic signatures profiles including significant increase in communities associated with pathogenic function, decrease in communities associated with stress tolerance. Collectively, these results reveal opioids-induced distinct alteration of gut microbiome, may contribute to opioids-induced pathogenesis. Therapeutics directed at these targets may prolong the efficacy long term opioid use with fewer side effects.
2018-04-16 | E-MTAB-5550 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Opioids such as morphine have many beneficial properties as analgesics, however, opioids may induce multiple adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. We have recently demonstrated that morphine treatment results in significant disruption in gut barrier function leading to increased translocation of gut commensal bacteria. However, it is unclear how opioids modulate the gut homeostasis. By using a mouse model of morphine treatment, we studied effects of morphine treatment on gut microbiome. We characterized phylogenetic profiles of gut microbes, and found a significant shift in the gut microbiome and increase of pathogenic bacteria following morphine treatment when compared to placebo. In the present study, wild type mice (C57BL/6J) were implanted with placebo, morphine pellets subcutaneously. Fecal matter were taken for bacterial 16s rDNA sequencing analysis at day 3 post treatment. A scatter plot based on an unweighted UniFrac distance matrics obtained from the sequences at OTU level with 97% similarity showed a distinct clustering of the community composition between the morphine and placebo treated groups. By using the chao1 index to evaluate alpha diversity (that is diversity within a group) and using unweighted UniFrac distance to evaluate beta diversity (that is diversity between groups, comparing microbial community based on compositional structures), we found that morphine treatment results in a significant decrease in alpha diversity and shift in fecal microbiome at day 3 post treatment compared to placebo treatment. Taxonomical analysis showed that morphine treatment results in a significant increase of potential pathogenic bacteria. Our study shed light on effects of morphine on the gut microbiome, and its role in the gut homeostasis.
2018-04-16 | E-MTAB-5546 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Australian infant gut microbiome metagenomics
| PRJEB87209 | ENA