Exon Skipping of Ste20-Like Kinase Enhances Glycolysis and Tumor Progression by Activating Enolase 1 mediated Phosphoenolpyruvate Production
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA1273951 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR33903466_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33903466_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33903467_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33903467_2.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR33903468_1.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Dysregulated RNA splicing is activated in tumors; however, the metabolic landscape and consequent implications of this process remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified exon skipping in Ste20-like kinase (SLK), resulting in a variant isoform of SLK (SLKv), which promotes glycolysis in tumor cells. Mechanistically, SLKv enhances the activity of enolase 1 (ENO1) by binding and phosphorylating the ENO1 serine 2 residue. This modification increases the efficiency of ENO1 in catalyzing the production of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). Notably, the accumulation of PEP further accelerates glycolysis by binding to and activating the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructokinase muscle (PFKM), and phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1). Meanwhile, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) promotes exon skipping of SLK by upregulating the splicing factor KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 1 (KHDRBS1). The application of antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) that target SLKv hinders glycolysis and tumorigenesis. These findings establish SLKv as a critical promoter of glycolysis and present a novel metabolic target for cancer therapy.
2025-06-17 | GSE299345 | GEO
Project description:Pre-mRNA splicing is functionally coupled to transcription, and genotoxic stresses can enhance alternative exon inclusion by affecting elongating RNA polymerase II. We report here that various genotoxic stress inducers, including camptothecin, inhibit the interaction between EWS, an RNA polymerase II-associated factor, and YB-1, a spliceosome-associated factor. This results in the cotranscriptional skipping of several exons of the MDM2 gene encoding the main p53 ubiquitin-ligase. This reversible exon skipping participates in the timely regulation of MDM2 expression, and may contribute to the accumulation of p53 during stress exposure and its rapid shut off when stress is removed. Finally, a splicing-sensitive microarray identified numerous exons that are skipped in response to camptothecin and EWS/YB-1 depletion. These data demonstrate genotoxic stress-induced alteration of the communication between the transcriptional and splicing machineries, resulting in widespread exon skipping and playing a central role in the genotoxic stress response. 6 samples of MCF7 cells exposed to different treatments were analyzed: 3 x control_6 hours; 3 x camptothecin_6 hours.
2010-06-09 | E-GEOD-21840 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Techniques for exclusion of exons from mature transcripts have been applied as gene therapies for treating many different diseases. Since exon skipping has been traditionally accomplished using technologies that have a transient effect, it is particularly important to develop new techniques that enable permanent exon skipping. We have recently demonstrated that this can be accomplished using cytidine base editors for permanently disabling the splice acceptor of target exons. We now demonstrate the application of adenine-deaminase base editors to disrupt the conserved adenosine within splice acceptor sites for programmable exon skipping. We also demonstrate that by altering the amino acid sequence of the linker between the adenosine deaminase domain and the Cas9 nickase or by coupling the adenine base editor with a uracil glycosylase inhibitor, the DNA editing efficiency and exon skipping rates improve significantly. Finally, we developed a split base editor architecture compatible with adeno-associated viral packaging. Collectively, these results represent significant progress towards permanent in vivo exon skipping through base editing and, ultimately, a new modality of gene therapy for the treatment of genetic diseases.
2019-09-12 | GSE120125 | GEO
Project description:Pre-mRNA splicing is functionally coupled to transcription, and genotoxic stresses can enhance alternative exon inclusion by affecting elongating RNA polymerase II. We report here that various genotoxic stress inducers, including camptothecin, inhibit the interaction between EWS, an RNA polymerase II-associated factor, and YB-1, a spliceosome-associated factor. This results in the cotranscriptional skipping of several exons of the MDM2 gene encoding the main p53 ubiquitin-ligase. This reversible exon skipping participates in the timely regulation of MDM2 expression, and may contribute to the accumulation of p53 during stress exposure and its rapid shut off when stress is removed. Finally, a splicing-sensitive microarray identified numerous exons that are skipped in response to camptothecin and EWS/YB-1 depletion. These data demonstrate genotoxic stress-induced alteration of the communication between the transcriptional and splicing machineries, resulting in widespread exon skipping and playing a central role in the genotoxic stress response.
2010-05-20 | GSE21840 | GEO
Project description:Psychological stress reactions can stimulate mammalian immune functions due to yet unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that these involve massive post-stress alternative splicing modulations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RNA was extracted from PBMCs of BALB/C mice following unpredictable repeated foot shocks. Among the tested group, five mice exhibiting the maximal circulation glucocorticoids were selected for the stress group. PBMC RNA of 5 BALB/C mice served as the control group. Through linear regression analysis of all the reciprocal junction pairs represented on the microarrays and the Ensembl database, 496 alternative splicing events were detected. The stressed mice showed 65% exon skipping out of total splicing event changes compared to controls. The detected genes exhibited functional enrichment (through DAVID EASE analysis) in alternative splicing (47%), cellular response to stress (12%), lymphocyte activation (8%), stress-induced proteins (2%) and heat-shock-induced proteins (2%). Specifically, exon skipping modifications in the Hnrnph1 and CLK1 splicing-related transcripts were accompanied by stress-inducible inclusions in the immune response-related IRF-1 gene. Our findings demonstrate dependence on exon skipping and independence from glucocorticoid and innate immunity for the stress-inducible exacerbation of immunity and open new venues for preventing post-trauma inflammatory crisis.
2018-04-15 | GSE37856 | GEO
Project description:As the most prevalent type of alternative splicing in animal cells, exon skipping plays an important role in expanding the diversity of transcriptome and proteome, thereby participating the regulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes such as development, aging and cancer. Cellular senescence serves as an anti-cancer mechanism could also contribute to individual aging. Although the dynamic changes of exon skipping during cellular senescence were revealed, its biological consequence and upstream regulator remain poorly understood. Here, by using human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) replicative senescence as a model, we discovered that splicing factor PTBP1 was an important contributor for global exon skipping events during senescence. Down-regulated expression of PTBP1 induced senescence-associated phenotypes and related mitochondrial functional changes. Mechanistically, PTBP1 binds to the third exon of mitochondrial complex I subunit coding gene NDUFV3 and protects the exon from skipping. We further confirmed that exon skipping of NDUFV3 correlates with and partially contributes to cellular senescence and related mitochondrial functional changes upon PTBP1 knockdown. Together, we revealed for the first time that mitochondrial related gene NDUFV3 is a new downstream target for PTBP1-regulated exon skipping to mediate cellular senescence and mitochondrial functional changes.
2024-05-18 | GSE266081 | GEO
Project description:we induce exon skipping and generate a gain-of-function of an oncogene, β-catenin, using CRISPR/Cas9 in mouse liver cells. Specifically, a single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting exon 3 of β-catenin induces exon skipping and gain-of-function of β-catenin in mouse hepatocytes. In synergy with YAPS127A, exon skipped hepatocytes gain tumorigenic ability and are thus enriched via tumor formation. Surprisingly, characterization of the exon-skipped tumors reveals two distinct subtypes with different histological features. Remarkably, ectopic expression of two representative exon-skipped β-catenin transcripts together with YAPS127A phenocopies the two histologically distinct subtypes of liver cancer. Finally, the transcriptome sequencing analysis reveal two subtypes of liver cancer and most importantly, one subtype of the exon-skipped tumor shows features of hepatoblastoma, while the other does not. This exon skipping model reveals CRISPR/Cas9 can lead to exon-skipped transcripts with in frame coding and gain-of-functions.
2021-01-01 | GSE164109 | GEO
Project description:Exon skipping technologies enable exclusion of targeted exons from mature mRNA transcripts, which has broad applications in molecular and cellular biology, medicine and biotechnology. Existing exon skipping techniques include antisense oligonucleotides, targetable nucleases and base editors, which, while effective for specific applications at some target exons, remain hindered by shortcomings preventing their broader implementation including transient effects in the case of oligonucleotides or limiting PAM motifs, sequence context preferences for deaminases, and undesirable cryptic splicing in the case of gene editing tools. To overcome these limitations, we created SPLICER, a toolbox of next-generation base editors consisting of near-PAMless Cas9 nickase variants fused with different deaminases for simultaneous editing of splice acceptor (SA) and splice donor (SD) sequences. Synchronized SA and SD editing not only improves exon skipping rates but also reduces aberrant outcomes such as cryptic splicing and intron retention. SPLICER enables editing of exon splice sites with high efficiency, including many exons refractory to splicing reprogramming by the native SpCas9 BEs. To demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SPLICER, we targeted APP exon 17, which contains the amino acid residues responsible for the formation of Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. SPLICER enabled precise and highly efficient exon skipping, which reduced the formation of Aβ42 peptides in vitro while inducing DNA editing and exon skipping in vivo within a humanized mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, SPLICER is a widely applicable and highly efficient toolbox for exon skipping with broad therapeutic applications.
2023-12-10 | GSE246586 | GEO
Project description:Exon skipping technologies enable exclusion of targeted exons from mature mRNA transcripts, which has broad applications in molecular and cellular biology, medicine and biotechnology. Existing exon skipping techniques include antisense oligonucleotides, targetable nucleases and base editors, which, while effective for specific applications at some target exons, remain hindered by shortcomings preventing their broader implementation including transient effects in the case of oligonucleotides or limiting PAM motifs, sequence context preferences for deaminases, and undesirable cryptic splicing in the case of gene editing tools. To overcome these limitations, we created SPLICER, a toolbox of next-generation base editors consisting of near-PAMless Cas9 nickase variants fused with different deaminases for simultaneous editing of splice acceptor (SA) and splice donor (SD) sequences. Synchronized SA and SD editing not only improves exon skipping rates but also reduces aberrant outcomes such as cryptic splicing and intron retention. SPLICER enables editing of exon splice sites with high efficiency, including many exons refractory to splicing reprogramming by the native SpCas9 BEs. To demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SPLICER, we targeted APP exon 17, which contains the amino acid residues responsible for the formation of Aβ plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. SPLICER enabled precise and highly efficient exon skipping, which reduced the formation of Aβ42 peptides in vitro while inducing DNA editing and exon skipping in vivo within a humanized mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Overall, SPLICER is a widely applicable and highly efficient toolbox for exon skipping with broad therapeutic applications.
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Project description:Despite the intensive search for an effective drug to ameliorate excess steroid production, there are few pharmacological options, especially for diseases as steroid-producing adrenocortical cancers. While splice-modifying-compounds have pleiotropic effects including anticancer properties, none have been tested on abnormal steroidogenesis. Using H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells, CX-4945 induced multiple exon skipping of the NR5A1 gene, the master regulator of steroidogenesis. The resulting exon-skipped NR5A1 proteins were non-functional when added-back to NR5A1 knocked down H295R cells. This eventually suppressed steroidogenesis and induced dysfunctional autophagy with progression to ER-stress-related apoptosis. Intriguingly, a circular RNA of NR5A1 exons (circNR5A1 ex2-4 RNA) not originating from the skipped exons, was induced. Transient expression of this circNR5A1 ex2-4 RNA induced the same multiple exon-skipped isoforms of the NR5A1 gene. This potential pharmacological control of NR5A1 aberrant multiple exon-skipping and interplay with its circNR5A1 RNA gives us a novel target for treating abnormal steroidogenesis in adrenocortical carcinomas.
2022-06-24 | GSE133197 | GEO