Project description:Aphid saliva plays an essential role in the interaction between aphids and their host plants. Several aphid salivary proteins have been identified and analyzed. However, none of the characterized salivary proteins are from galling aphids. Here we analyzed the salivary proteins from the Chinese gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis using LS-MS/MS analysis. A total of 31 proteins were identified directly from secreted saliva collected via artificial diet, and 141 proteins were identified from protein extracts derived from dissected salivary glands. Among these identified proteins, 17 were found in both secreted saliva and dissected salivary glands. In comparison with salivary proteins identified from three other free living aphids, the most striking feature of the salivary protein from S. chinensis is the existence of high proportion of proteins with binding activity, including DNA binding, protein binding, ATP binding and ion binding proteins et al. We speculate that these binding proteins may be involved in induction of gall formation. Our results provide a framework for future research to elucidate the molecular basis for gall induction by S. chinensis.
Project description:Aphid saliva plays an essential role in the interaction between aphids and their host plants. Several aphid salivary proteins have been identified and analyzed. However, none of the characterized salivary proteins are from galling aphids. Here we analyzed the salivary proteins from the Chinese gall aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis using LS-MS/MS analysis. A total of 31 proteins were identified directly from secreted saliva collected via artificial diet, and 141 proteins were identified from protein extracts derived from dissected salivary glands. Among these identified proteins, 17 were found in both secreted saliva and dissected salivary glands. In comparison with salivary proteins identified from three other free living aphids, the most striking feature of the salivary protein from S. chinensis is the existence of high proportion of proteins with binding activity, including DNA binding, protein binding, ATP binding and ion binding proteins et al. We speculate that these binding proteins may be involved in induction of gall formation. Our results provide a framework for future research to elucidate the molecular basis for gall induction by S. chinensis.
Project description:Herbivory plant-parasite interactions depend on the delivery of effector molecules by the invading insect species. Sedentary gall forming insects, such as grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH, Phylloxeridae) secrete multiple effectors into host plant tissues that alter host cellular functions to the benefit of the insect. Analyses revealed 420 putative ‘DvEffectors’ were detected in salivary glands, dissected from root-feeding vs. starving D. vitifoliae larvae reared on Teleki 5C (V. berlandieri x V. riparia) under controlled growth conditions (25±3°C, 60% rH) by proteomic mass spectrometry and in-silico secretory prediction. Sixty-two conserved DvEffectors were shared with the aphid species A. pisum, M. persicae and R. padi including candidate effector proteins involved in feeding site establishment, plant defence suppression and nutrient uptake
Project description:By sequencing small RNAs from uninfected Arabidopsis roots and from galls seven and 14 days post infection with Meloidogyne incognita, we sequenced by SOLiD technology the RNA fraction below 50nt. We identified 24 miRNAs differentially expressed in gall as putative regulators of gall development.
Project description:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that play critical roles in regulating post transcriptional gene expression. Gall midges encompass a large group of insects that are of economic importance and also possess fascinating biological traits. The gall midge Mayetiola destructor, commonly known as the Hessian fly, is a model organism for studying gall midge biology and insect – host plant interactions. In this study, we systematically analyzed miRNAs from the Hessian fly. Deep-sequencing a Hessian fly larval transcriptome led to the identification of 89 miRNA species that are either identical or very similar to known miRNAs from other insects, and 184 novel miRNAs that have not been reported from other species. Microarray analyses revealed the expression of miRNA genes was strictly regulated during Hessian fly larval development and abundance of many miRNA genes were affected by host genotypes. The identification of a large number of miRNAs for the first time from a gall midge provides a foundation for further studies of miRNA functions in gall midge biology and behavior.