Project description:Patients with mpox may present with a skin rash and mild respiratory symptoms, including sore throat and cough. The genome of the mpox virus (MPXV) has been detected in throat swab specimens from some mpox patients, indicating potential involvement of the respiratory tract. In this study, we used lung organoids to investigate the effects of MPXV infection on the respiratory system by evaluating the viral replication and the infection-mediated host response. MPXV infection resulted in the accumulation of high levels of viral genomes within the cells. H&E staining showed almost no histological differences between MPXV-infected lung organoids and uninfected lung organoids. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that MPXV infection did not significantly alter the gene expression levels of various lung markers. MPXV infection did not change the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-beta (IFN-β). These findings suggest that MPXV can replicate in lung organoids without significantly affecting their cellular function.
Project description:Better understanding of S. aureus throat colonization in the presence of other competing/coexisting microbes may provide insight into S. aureus adaptation to the human throat and recurrence of infection. In this work, we explore the responses triggered by the encounter between two common throat bacteria, S. aureus and S. anginosus, in the presence of human tonsillar epithelial cells. We performed an in vitro coculture experiment followed by RNA sequencing. A total of 332 and 279 significant DEGs with p-value < 0.05 and Log2 fold change > |2| were identified after 1 h and 3 h of post-infection, respectively. Our study identified several transcripts in S. aureus that might be important when facing a potential competitor during throat colonization. These transcripts may be useful in the development of treatments against S. aureus throat colonization and could be further investigated to better understand their roles in the immune response.
Project description:This study represents the first in vivo genome wide analysis of gene epxression of Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in humans with pharyngitis. The micorarray used is a custom microarray that relies on an electrochemical reaction as the measured signal rather than flourescence. Distinct clusters of gene expression were discovered and analyzed. A functional analysis examining differences and similarities between the clusters was performed. Samples were taken from pediatric patients who had received a throat swab as part of their clinical care for evaluating pharyngitis. Eleven samples that were culture postive for GAS were used along with 3 samples from subjects who were GAS culture negative. The microarray was a composite comprised of 12,000 probes, representing 2724 GAS open reading frames belonging to serotypes M1, M3, M4, M12, and M28. There were 1671 probe sets that were homologous for the M1 serotype and represented over 95% of the total predicted coding region. Probe sets were 30-40mers in length and were selected using a Combimatrix probe selection algorithm taking into account gene (>90% BLAST score) and serotype specificity, Tm, hairpins and GC content. In addition, 70 Combimatrix built in probes were used as negative controls for background subtraction.