Project description:The 2024 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 in U.S. dairy cattle presented an unprecedented scenario where the virus infected bovine mammary glands and was detected in milk, raising serious concerns for public health and the dairy industry. Unlike previously described subclinical influenza A virus (IAV) infections in cattle, H5N1 infection induced severe clinical symptoms, including respiratory distress, mastitis, and abnormal milk production. To understand the host immune responses and changes particularly in the mammary gland, we performed scRNA-seq analysis on bovine milk somatic cells (bMSC) in-vitro infected with H5N1 isolate from dairy farm. We identified ten distinct cell clusters and observed a shift toward type-2 immune responses, characterized by T-cells expressing IL13 and GATA3, and three different subtypes of epithelial cells based on expression of genes associated with milk production. Our study revealed temporal dynamics in cytokine expression, with a rapid decline in luminal epithelial cells and an increase in macrophages and dendritic cells, suggesting a role in increased antigen presentation. These findings indicate that bovine H5N1 infection triggers complex immune responses involving both pro-inflammatory and regulatory pathways. This research fills a critical gap in understanding the immune responses of bovine mammary glands to H5N1 infection and highlights the need for further investigation into therapeutic strategies for managing such outbreaks.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling was carried out on lung and ileum samples at 1dpi and 3dpi from ducks infected with either low pathogenic (H5N2) or highly pathogenic (H5N1) avian influenza. Infected birds were compared to control birds at each time point.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling was carried out on lung and ileum samples at 1dpi and 3dpi from quail infected with either low pathogenic (H5N2) or highly pathogenic (H5N1) avian influenza. Infected birds were compared to control birds at each time point.
Project description:Transcriptional profiling was carried out on lung and ileum samples at 1dpi and 3dpi from chickens infected with either low pathogenic (H5N2) or highly pathogenic (H5N1) avian influenza. Infected birds were compared to control birds at each time point.
Project description:Periodic outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses and the current H1N1 pandemic highlight the need for a more detailed understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis. To investigate the host transcriptional response induced by pathogenic influenza viruses, we used a functional-genomics approach to compare gene expression profiles in lungs from wild-type 129S6/SvEv and interferon receptor (IFNR) knockout mice infected with either the fully reconstructed H1N1 1918 pandemic virus (1918) or the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus Vietnam/1203/04 (VN/1203).
Project description:Avian influenza in the North Atlantic and characterization of newly introduced highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses from North America
Project description:To study miRNA expression profiles during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection, we conducted global miRNA expression profiling in human lung epithelial cells (A549) with or without H5N1 IAV infection. .
