Widespread regulated alternative splicing of single codons accelerates proteome evolution
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA143693 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR298695.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR298696.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR298697.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR298698.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR298699.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Thousands of human genes contain introns ending in NAGNAG motifs (N any nucleotide), where both NAGs can function as 3' splice sites, yielding isoforms differing by inclusion/exclusion of just three bases. However, the functional importance of NAGNAG alternative splicing is highly controversial. Using very deep RNA-Seq data from sixteen human and eight mouse tissues, we found that approximately half of alternatively spliced NAGNAGs undergo tissue-specific regulation and that regulated events have been selectively retained: alternative splicing of strongly tissue-specific NAGNAGs was ten times as likely to be conserved between species as for non-tissue-specific events. Further, alternative splicing of human NAGNAGs was associated with an order of magnitude increase in the frequency of exon length changes at orthologous mouse/rat exon boundaries, suggesting that NAGNAGs accelerate exon evolution. Together, our analyses show that NAGNAG alternative splicing constitutes a major generator of tissue-specific proteome diversity and accelerates evolution of proteins at exon-exon boundaries. mRNA-Seq of sixteen human and eight mouse tissues. Supplementary files: human.nagnag.junctions.gff and mouse.nagnag.junctions.gff are the annotation files (in GFF3 format) corresponding to the 'bwtout' mapped reads files linked to the Sample records. Raw data files provided for Samples GSM742937-GSM742952 only.
2012-01-05 | E-GEOD-30017 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Thousands of human genes contain introns ending in NAGNAG motifs (N any nucleotide), where both NAGs can function as 3' splice sites, yielding isoforms differing by inclusion/exclusion of just three bases. However, the functional importance of NAGNAG alternative splicing is highly controversial. Using very deep RNA-Seq data from sixteen human and eight mouse tissues, we found that approximately half of alternatively spliced NAGNAGs undergo tissue-specific regulation and that regulated events have been selectively retained: alternative splicing of strongly tissue-specific NAGNAGs was ten times as likely to be conserved between species as for non-tissue-specific events. Further, alternative splicing of human NAGNAGs was associated with an order of magnitude increase in the frequency of exon length changes at orthologous mouse/rat exon boundaries, suggesting that NAGNAGs accelerate exon evolution. Together, our analyses show that NAGNAG alternative splicing constitutes a major generator of tissue-specific proteome diversity and accelerates evolution of proteins at exon-exon boundaries.
2012-01-05 | GSE30017 | GEO
Project description:Unorthodox rules of extracting genetic information enable proteome expansion without increasing the genome size. The use of alternative translation initiation sites achieves this goal by allowing production of more than one protein from a single gene. Although several such examples have been serendipitously found in bacteria, genome-wide experimental mapping of alternative translation start sites has been unattainable. We found that the antibiotic retapamulin specifically arrests initiating ribosomes at start codons of the genes. Retapamulin treatment followed by Ribo-seq analysis (Ribo-RET) not only allowed mapping of conventional initiation sites at the beginning of the annotated Escherichia coli genes but, strikingly, it also revealed putative alternative internal start sites in a number of genes. Experimental evidence demonstrated that the internal start codons can be recognized by the ribosomes and direct translation initiation in vitro and in vivo. Proteins, whose translation is initiated at an internal in-frame and out-of-frame start sites, can be functionally important and contribute to the ‘alternative’ bacterial proteome. In addition to proteome expansion, the internal start sites may play regulatory role in gene expression.
2019-03-04 | GSE122129 | GEO
Project description:Proteins begin to fold as they emerge from translating ribosomes. The kinetics of ribosome transit along a given mRNA can influence nascent chain folding, but the extent to which individual codon translation rates impact proteome integrity remains unknown. Here, we show that slower decoding of discrete codons elicits widespread protein aggregation in vivo. Using ribosome profiling, we find that loss of anticodon wobble uridine (U34) modifications in a subset of tRNAs leads to ribosome pausing at their cognate codons in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans. Yeast cells lacking U34 modifications exhibit gene expression hallmarks of proteotoxic stress and accumulate aggregates of endogenous proteins with key cellular functions. Moreover, these cells are severely compromised in clearing stress-induced protein aggregates. Overexpression of hypomodified tRNAs alleviates ribosome pausing, concomitantly restoring protein homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that modified U34 is an evolutionarily conserved accelerator of decoding and reveal an unanticipated role for tRNA anticodon modifications in maintaining proteome integrity. Ribosome profiling of wild-type and tRNA modification-deficient yeast and nematodes. Yeast samples were generated in various growth conditions (rich medium versus stress induced by treatment with diamide or rapamycin) and paired mRNA-Seq was performed on a subset of samples. Dataset contains three biological replicates for yeast samples and two biological replicates for nematode samples.
2015-06-04 | E-GEOD-67387 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Differential mRNA translation efficiency (mTE) of codons is important in regulating protein synthesis, cellular states, and can change in response to amino acid (AA) availability. While the mTE of codons is canonically associated with their corresponding transfer RNA (tRNA) isoacceptors, its regulation by AAs in mammalian cells remains unexplored. We found that ELAC2, a 3’ tRNA maturation endonuclease, decreases the mTE of UC[U/C] serine (Ser) codons in response to Ser-limitation. Ablation of ELAC2 restored UC[U/C] mTE but reduced the mTE of AG[U/C] Ser codons. Among the tRNASer isoacceptors, tRNASer(GCU) decreased the most in ELAC2-deficient cells. Surprisingly, tRNASer(GCU) delivery restored AG[U/C] mTE and reduced UC[C/U] mTE in ELAC2-deficient cells. Finally, we deciphered the effects of Ser-sensitive codons on mRNA translation and the human proteome. Our study revealed that in response to Ser-limitation, regulation of tRNASer(GCU) levels fine-tune the mTE of UC[C/U] or AG[U/C] Ser-sensitive codons and shapes the proteome.
2025-11-05 | GSE303964 | GEO
Project description:Thousands of human genes contain introns ending in NAGNAG (N any nucleotide), where both NAGs can function as 3' splice sites, yielding isoforms that differ by inclusion/exclusion of three bases. However, few models exist for how such splicing might be regulated, and some studies have concluded that NAGNAG splicing is purely stochastic and nonfunctional. Here, we used deep RNA-Seq data from 16 human and eight mouse tissues to analyze the regulation and evolution of NAGNAG splicing. Using both biological and technical replicates to estimate false discovery rates, we estimate that at least 25% of alternatively spliced NAGNAGs undergo tissue-specific regulation in mammals, and alternative splicing of strongly tissue-specific NAGNAGs was 10 times as likely to be conserved between species as was splicing of non-tissue-specific events, implying selective maintenance. Preferential use of the distal NAG was associated with distinct sequence features, including a more distal location of the branch point and presence of a pyrimidine immediately before the first NAG, and alteration of these features in a splicing reporter shifted splicing away from the distal site. Strikingly, alignments of orthologous exons revealed a ∼15-fold increase in the frequency of three base pair gaps at 3' splice sites relative to nearby exon positions in both mammals and in Drosophila. Alternative splicing of NAGNAGs in human was associated with dramatically increased frequency of exon length changes at orthologous exon boundaries in rodents, and a model involving point mutations that create, destroy, or alter NAGNAGs can explain both the increased frequency and biased codon composition of gained/lost sequence observed at the beginnings of exons. This study shows that NAGNAG alternative splicing generates widespread differences between the proteomes of mammalian tissues, and suggests that the evolutionary trajectories of mammalian proteins are strongly biased by the locations and phases of the introns that interrupt coding sequences.
| S-EPMC3250501 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Proteins begin to fold as they emerge from translating ribosomes. The kinetics of ribosome transit along a given mRNA can influence nascent chain folding, but the extent to which individual codon translation rates impact proteome integrity remains unknown. Here, we show that slower decoding of discrete codons elicits widespread protein aggregation in vivo. Using ribosome profiling, we find that loss of anticodon wobble uridine (U34) modifications in a subset of tRNAs leads to ribosome pausing at their cognate codons in S. cerevisiae and C. elegans. Yeast cells lacking U34 modifications exhibit gene expression hallmarks of proteotoxic stress and accumulate aggregates of endogenous proteins with key cellular functions. Moreover, these cells are severely compromised in clearing stress-induced protein aggregates. Overexpression of hypomodified tRNAs alleviates ribosome pausing, concomitantly restoring protein homeostasis. Our findings demonstrate that modified U34 is an evolutionarily conserved accelerator of decoding and reveal an unanticipated role for tRNA anticodon modifications in maintaining proteome integrity.
2015-06-04 | GSE67387 | GEO
Project description:Accurate termination of protein synthesis is paramount for the integrity of cellular proteome. Here we establish profiling of terminating ribosomes in mammalian cells and report a wide range of ribosome pausing at individual stop codons. We identify a sequence motif upstream of stop codons that contributes to termination pausing, which was confirmed by massively paralleled reporter assays. Lack of termination pausing increases the chance of stop codon slippage, generating proteins with mixed C-terminal extensions. We demonstrate that the sequence- dependent termination pausing is a result of post-decoding mRNA scanning by the 3’ end of 18S rRNA. We further uncover tissue-specific termination pausing that correlates with the stoichiometry of Rps26, which constrains mRNA:rRNA interaction. Termination pausing represents a translational signature associated with translational control at stop codons.
2025-12-11 | GSE270879 | GEO
Project description:Using RNA-Seq analysis of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) mutant strains, we show that many Saccharomyces cerevisiae intron-containing genes exhibit usage of alternative splice sites, but most transcripts generated by splicing from these sites are non-functional because they introduce premature termination codons leading to transcript degradation by NMD. Analysis of splicing mutants combined with NMD inactivation revealed the role of specific splicing factors in governing the use of these alternative splice sites and identified novel functions for Prp17p in enhancing the use of branchpoint-proximal upstream 3M-bM-^@M-^Y splice sites and for Prp18p in suppressing the usage of a non-canonical AUG 3M-bM-^@M-^Y-splice site. The use of non-productive alternative splice sites can limit the expression of some transcripts and can be increased in stress conditions in a promoter-dependent manner, contributing to the down-regulation of genes during stress. These results reveal that alternative splicing is frequent in S.cerevisiae but masked by RNA degradation and that the use of alternative splice sites is mostly aimed at controlling transcript levels rather than increasing proteome diversity. mRNA-Seq profiling of 3 mutants in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway and wildtype yeast
2014-02-21 | E-GEOD-55213 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Organisms possessing genetic codes with unassigned codons raise the question of how cellular machinery resolves such codons and how this could impact horizontal gene transfer. Here, we use a genomically recoded Escherichia coli to examine how organisms address translation at unassigned UAG codons, which obstruct propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids. Using mass spectrometry, we show that recoded organisms resolve translation at unassigned UAG codons via near-cognate suppression, dramatic frameshifting from at least -3 to +19 nucleotides, and rescue by ssrA-encoded tmRNA, ArfA, and ArfB. We then demonstrate that deleting tmRNA restores expression of UAG-ending proteins and propagation of UAG-containing viruses and plasmids in the recoded strain, indicating that tmRNA rescue and nascent peptide degradation is the cause of impaired virus and plasmid propagation. The ubiquity of tmRNA homologs suggests that genomic recoding is a promising path to impair horizontal gene transfer and confer genetic isolation in diverse organisms.
2018-09-18 | PXD009643 | Pride