Bos taurus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA152023 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Similar Datasets
Project description:Despite of Giardia duodenalis being one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in humans and animals, little is known of the host-parasite interactions in natural hosts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal response in calves following a G. duodenalis infection, using a bovine high-density oligo microarray to analyze global gene expression in the small intestine. The resulting microarray data suggested a decrease in inflammation, immune response and immune cell migration in infected animals, which was examined in more detail by quantitative real-time PCR on a panel of cytokines combined with histological analyses. The cytokine transcription levels showed a trend of down regulated expression in infected animals compared to the negative controls, best seen in jejunum for IL-6 and IL-8 and statistically significant for IL-17, IL-13 and IFN-?. No increased immune cell recruitment could be seen after infection, as well as no intestinal pathologies, such as villus shortening or increased levels of apoptosis. Key regulators in this intestinal response seem to be the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARA) and gamma (PPARG), for which an up-regulated expression was seen on microarray and qRT-PCR data. The activation of PPARs can exert an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in cell recruitment. . How the PPARs are activated during a Giardia infection still needs to be further elucidated. Eight male Holstein calves aged two to four weeks old were used for the trial. Prior to arrival, all animals were screened for the presence of Giardia cysts in their faecal samples. After confirming their negative status for all these pathogens, four of the animals were randomly chosen and placed in a G. duodenalis contaminated environment, whereas the four remaining animals were kept as negative controls in separate G. duodenalis-free stables. All calves in the study received the same commercial milk replacer. After three weeks, the presence or absence of a G. duodenalis infection was confirmed by IFA on faecal samples after which the animals were euthanized. Changes in gene expression profiles induced by Giardia duodenalis infection were compared using a high-density 60mer bovine oligo microarray.
2012-04-07 | E-GEOD-35920 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Despite Giardia duodenalis being one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in humans and animals, little is known about the host-parasite interactions in its natural hosts. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal response in calves following a G. duodenalis infection, using a bovine high-density oligo microarray to analyze global gene expression in the small intestine. The resulting microarray data suggested a decrease in inflammation, immune response, and immune cell migration in infected animals. These findings were examined in more detail by histological analyses combined with quantitative real-time PCR on a panel of cytokines. The transcription levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17, and IFN-γ showed a trend of being downregulated in the jejunum of infected animals compared to the negative controls. No immune cell recruitment could be seen after infection, and no intestinal pathologies, such as villus shortening or increased levels of apoptosis. Possible regulators of this intestinal response are the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα), and gamma (PPARγ) and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA), all for which an upregulated expression was found in the microarray and qRT-PCR analyses.
2012-04-08 | GSE35920 | GEO
Project description:Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent intestinal pathogens known to cause giardiasis, a condition characterized by diarrhea and frequently linked to malnutrition and growth impairments in children. The presence of Giardiavirus (GLV) in Giardia strains has been associated with heightened immune cytokine responses in the host compared to the GLV-free strains. However, the transmission mode and biological significance of GLV remain unclear. In this study, by using G. duodenalis DH (GLV-containing) and WBC6 (GLV-free) strains, we demonstrated that the DH strain produced extracellular vesicles (EVs), which originated from unique peripheral vesicle and bead-like structures in the ventrolateral flange. Nanoparticle tracking analysis revealed that GLV infected-G. duodenalis DH strain secreted fewer EVs than the GLV-free WBC6 strain. Biochemical and electron microscopy demonstrated that GLV virions can exploit the Giardia EVs pathway to facilitate their spread among parasites. Giardia uptake of GLV-containing EVs occured through clathrin-mediated endocytosis, leading to rapid infection of trophozoites by GLV. Furthermore, GLV infection enhanced messenger RNA translation efficiency, influencing protein abundance in Giardia trophozoites. The presence of GLV also upregulated the glycolytic pathway, with Giardia enolase closely associated with GLV replication. Importantly, Giardia infected with GLV alleviated the pathogenicity of parasite compared to the GLV-freeGiardia strain. These findings highlight the pivotal role of GLV in regulating Giardia biology, suggesting its potential for informing the development of novel intervention strategies against Giardia infections.
2024-12-31 | GSE269427 | GEO
Project description:Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite of a wide range of vertebrates and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. G. duodenalis is a species complex of 8 assemblages with the zoonotic assemblage A as one of two discrete subtypes that is infective for humans. With increasing genomic and transcriptomic data now publicly available through the centralised giardiaDB.org, we have quantitatively analysed the proteomes of 8 G. duodenalis assemblage A strains (7 A1 and 1 A2) to provide a comprehensive proteomic baseline to complement these studies. Protein analysis identified a non-redundant total of 1220 proteins with an average of 764 proteins in each strain. At least 10% of all proteins identified were from the 4 protein families in the G. duodenalis variable genome, and substantial differences in number and abundance profiles in the Variable Surface Protein (VSP) family was observed. We also searched the 8 strains against both assemblage A genomes (subassemblage A1 and A2 genomes) and showed losses in protein identifications, especially for protein identifications associated with Giardia variable gene families which are sub-assemblage specific. We observed two expression profiles of VSPs within Giardia, which was independent to host origin, subassemblage, geographic origin and introduction to axenic culture and may indicate variation in surface antigen switching events and population heterogeneity. We hypothesise this variation may be related to karotype and chromosomal variation, which would indicate an assemblage-independent mechanism of variation in G. duodenalis.
2015-02-26 | PXD001272 | Pride
Project description:To investigate the transcriptional responses of intestinal epithelial cells and Giardia intestinalis, assemblage A isolate WB-C6, trophozoites during infection, we infected human enteroids with preconditioned trophozoites for 1h and 3h. Giardia intestinalis trophozoites were preconditioned before the infection with either DMEM/F-12 or DMEM/F-12 supplemented with 10% FBS to modify the trophozoites’ fitness.
2023-04-24 | GSE220954 | GEO
Project description:Bovine rotavirus (BRV) and bovine coronavirus (BCV) infect intestinal villous epithelium in young cattle. A surgical model was adapted for neonatal calves in which a region of the jejunum was isolated from the digestive tract but lymph drainage, enervation and blood flow were maintained. Replicate sections of intestine (loops) were infected with either BRV or BCV and adjacent segments were injected with phosphate-buffered saline. Tissues were collected 18 hours post-infection. Four animals were used for BRV infection studies, and three animals were used for BCV infection studies. Microarray analyses provided a global evaluation of host gene expression patterns following BRV and BCV infection and changes in gene expression were validated by qRT-PCR analyses.
2005-01-01 | E-FPMI-3 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite of the small intestine in vertebrates, including humans. Assemblage A of G. duodenalis is one of two discrete subtypes that infects humans, and is considered a zoonotic assemblage. Two G. duodenalis Assemblage A strains BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 and BRIS/83/HEPU/106, constituting virulent and control strains respectively, were analysed in one of the first comparative shotgun proteomic studies performed in this parasite. Protein extracts were prepared using a multiplatform approach with both an in-gel and in-solution sample preparation to enable us to assess the complementarity for future Giardia proteomic studies. Protein analysis revealed that BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 possessed a wider and more varied repertoire of variant surface proteins (VSPs), which are hypothesised to be involved in host adaptation, immune evasion and virulence. A total of 38 VSPs were identified, with 3 common to strains, 6 unique to BRIS/83/HEPU/106 and 26 unique to BRIS/95/HEPU/2041. Additionally up to 25.6% of all differentially expressed proteins in BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 belonged to the VSP family, a trend not seen in the control BRIS/83/HEPU/106. Greater antigen variation in BRIS/95/HEPU/2041 may explain aspects of virulence phenotypes in G. duodenalis, with a highly diverse population capable of evading host immune responses.
2014-10-14 | PXD000452 | Pride
Project description:Giardia duodenalis assemblage B Genome sequencing
| PRJNA174038 | ENA
Project description:Giardia duodenalis a species-complex of common gastrointestinal protists of major medical and veterinary importance. This complex is currently subclassifed as ‘Assemblages’, with Assemblage A and B infective to humans. To date, post-genomic proteomics are derived exclusively from Assemblage A, biasing understanding of these parasites’ biology. This bias is particularly notable, as Assemble B is the more prevalent cause of human infections. To address this gap, we quantitatively analysed proteomes of the intestinal ‘trophozoite’ stage of three Assemblage B isolates, including the genome reference (GS/M) and two clinical isolates (BRIS/91/HEPU/1279 and BRIS/92/HEPU/1487), during in vitro axenic culture. We used spectrum-to-peptide matching metrics to infer currently unknown intra-assemblage variation. We identified and quantified over 3000 proteins in the GS isolate, but demonstrated significant isolate-dependent losses in peptide and protein identifications in non-reference isolates, suggesting significant intra-assemblage variation. We also explore differential protein expression between in vitro cultured subpopulations enriched for dividing relative to feeding cells. This data is an important proteomic baseline for Assemblage B, and highlights unique differences heretofore avoided in post-genomic Giardia proteomics.
2018-07-03 | PXD007943 | Pride
Project description:<p>Giardia duodenalis is a prevalent intestinal parasite that cause giardiasis, a condition characterized by diarrhea and frequently linked to malnutrition and growth impairments in children. The presence of Giardiavirus (GLV) can lead to reduced pathological damage in mice infected with Giardia and different pro-inflammatory responses in host cells stimulated by Giardia. As is well known, viruses as “non-cellular organisms” that control host proteins, metabolic resources to complete replication and transmission. However, the understanding of the impact of the Giardiavirus on the G. duodenalis itself is currently limited. Here, we found that GLV infection can reduce the mRNA and expression levels of Giardia genes, but lead to upregulation of translation efficiency in Giardia genes. Additionally, GLV infection causes Giardia's energy metabolic reprogramming, 21 significantly different energy metabolites were identified, and the most significant pathway by KEGG enrichment was Glycolysis/ Gluconeogenesis. After the viral load of GLV stabilizes, glycolysis is significantly upregulated with increasing GLV infection generations. The glycolytic enzyme enolase in Giardia is closely associated with the viral load of GLV. and it was found that knocking down the expression level of enolase also led to a decrease in the viral load of GLV. Overall, these results highlight that GLV infection can regulate the protein and energy metabolism of G. duodenalis for its own survival, and discover the potential of GLV as a novel intervention strategy for the development of drugs and vaccines for the prevention and treatment of giardiasis.</p>
2025-07-05 | MTBLS12615 | MetaboLights