Project description:The genome of 14 vulvar SCC was analyzed by aCGH and microarray to identify common imbalances present in the tumors as well as which genes were deregulated. Overall there was a good concordance between the imbalances scored by aCGH and the level of gene expression found by microarray, i.e., the genes located in gained regions were overexpressed while those located in lost regions were found down-regulated. The whole-gene expression profile of 14 SCC of the vulva was compared to 5 normal vulvar samples to identify genes that were deregulated in the tumors genome. Vulvar hyperplasia 03-48 not further analyzed and not included in the normalized data but included in the non-normalized data
Project description:Methylation of Histone 3 Lysine 4 (H3K4) is largely associated with promoters and enhancers of actively transcribed genes and it is finely regulated during development by the action of histone methyltransferases and demethylases. H3K4me3 demethylases of the KDM5 family have been previously implicated in development, but how the regulation of H3K4me3 level controls developmental processes is not fully established. Here, we show that the H3K4 demethylase RBR-2, the unique member of the KDM5 family in C. elegans, acts cell-autonomously and in a catalytic- dependent manner to control vulva precursor cells fate acquisition, by promoting the LIN-12/Notch pathway. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that RBR-2 reduces the H3K4me3 level at transcription start sites (TSSs) and in regions upstream the TSSs, and acts both as a transcription repressor and activator. The analysis of the lin-11 genetic locus, a direct RBR-2 target gene required for vulva precursor cell fate acquisition, shows that RBR-2 controls the epigenetic signature of the lin-11 vulva- specific enhancer and lin-11 expression, providing in vivo evidences that RBR-2 can positively regulate transcription and cell fate acquisition by controlling enhancer activity.
2016-09-15 | GSE86937 | GEO
Project description:The C. elegans Vulva Transcriptome
Project description:Despite its prevalence, the molecular basis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains poorly understood. We recently identified the developmental transcription factor Grhl3 as a potent tumor suppressor of SCC, and demonstrated that targeting of Grhl3 by a miR-21-dependent proto-oncogenic network underpins SCC in humans. Reduced levels of GRHL3 and its target gene PTEN are evident in human skin, and head and neck SCC, associated with increased expression of miR-21, which targets both tumor suppressors. Our data defines the miR-21-GRHL3-PTEN-axis as a critical tumor suppressor pathway in SCC.
Project description:We analysed active enhancers in UPCI-SCC-090, UM-SCC-104, FaDu and NP69SV40T by performing ChIP-seq on H3K4me3, H3K4me1 and H3K27ac.
Project description:SOX2 is a transcription factor essential for pluripotent stem cells, and development and maintenance of squamous epithelium. We previously reported SOX2 an oncogene subject to highly recurrent genomic amplification in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here we demonstrate in SCCs that SOX2 interacts with another master squamous transcription factor p63, and through ChIP-seq show that genomic occupancy of SOX2 overlaps with that of p63 at a large number of loci and that they cooperatively regulate gene expression including ETV4, which we find essential for SOX2-amplified SCC cell survival. Furthermore, SOX2 binds to distinct genomic loci in SCCs than in embryonic stem cells and the SOX2-p63 coordinate binding is unique to SCC. In addition, a subset of SOX2 genomic binding sites in SCC that lack p63 co-occupancy are co-occupied by the AP-1 transcriptional complex. These demonstrate that SOX2’s actions in SCC differ substantially from its role in pluripotency and identify novel SOX2 interactions that will enable deeper characterization of SOX2’s function in SCC. SOX2 and p63 ChIP-seq from three lung and esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines with amplification of SOX2 as well as SOX2 ChIP-seq from an ES cells.
Project description:To gain insight into the DNA methylation changes during OSCC carcinogenesis, we utilized cytosine conversion and next generation sequencing based technique- enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (ERRBS) - to assess DNA methylation in cultured, human TERT-immortalized, non-tumorigenic OKF6-TERT1R and OSCC SCC-9 cells. OKF6-TERT1R cells and SCC-9 cells were plated in 10 cm2 tissue culture plates at the density of 2 M-CM-^W 106 cells/plate. Total genomic DNA was extracted from OKF6-TERT1R and SCC-9 cells using DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA), including an RNAse treatment step.
Project description:In order to identify putative targets in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a survey of parallel chromosomal alterations and gene expression studies in 10 SCC cell lines were performed using array-CGH and microarray techniques. The most frequent changes were gains of 11q13.1-13.3 and losses of 18q12.1-23 in SCC. Furthermore, the expression levels of the sets of genes at both these loci in SCC were measured using microarray analysis. By combining the array-CGH with the microarray data, 10 genes at 11q13.1-13.3 and 6 genes at 18q12.1-23 whose expression correlated with chromosomal alterations were identified. Keywords: comparative genomic hybridization
Project description:Down-modulation or loss-of-function mutations of the Notch 1 and 2 genes are associated with development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), a very frequent and therapy-resilient malignancy in skin, head/neck (H/N), lung and other surface epithelia. In this context, surprisingly little is known on the role of CSL (RBP-Jk), key effector of canonical Notch signaling endowed with intrinsic transcription repressive function. CSL expression is decreased in upper epidermal layers and differentiating primary human keratinocytes (HKCs), while it is up-regulated in premalignant and malignant SCC lesions and SCC cell lines from skin, Head/Neck and lung. Increased CSL levels enhance proliferation and self-renewal potential of HKCs and SCC cells, while its silencing induces growth arrest and apoptosis. In vivo, SCC cells with increased CSL levels give rise to rapidly expanding tumors, while upon CSL silencing they form smaller and more differentiated tumors with enhanced inflammatory infiltrate. Global transcriptomic analysis of HKC and SCC cells plus/minus CSL silencing reveals major modulation of apoptotic, cell cycle and pro-inflammatory genes, with no significant association with Notch or keratinocyte differentiation gene signatures. KDM6B, a histone demethylase gene with highly context dependent functions, is a direct CSL negative target, with an inverse role of CSL in HKC and SCC self-renewal and tumorigenesis, with IL6 as a target of likely significance. CSL / KDM6B protein expression could be used as biomarkers of SCC development and novel indicators of cancer treatment.