Project description:PcG protein complex PRC2 is a methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine27, and H3K27me3 is essential for stable transcription silencing. Less well known but quantitatively much more important is the genome-wide role of PRC2 that dimethylates more than half of total H3K27. Here we have determined genomic distributions of H3K27me2, dUTX, and histone H3 in cultured Drosophila Sg4 cells by hybridization of ChIP products with tiling microarrays. Genomic distributions of H3K27me2, dUTX, and histone H3 in cultured Drosophila Sg4 cells by hybridization of ChIP products with tiling microarrays
Project description:PcG protein complex PRC2 is a methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine27, and H3K27me3 is essential for stable transcription silencing. Less well known but quantitatively much more important is the genome-wide role of PRC2 that dimethylates more than half of total H3K27. Here we have determined genomic distributions of H3K27me2, dUTX, and histone H3 in cultured Drosophila Sg4 cells by hybridization of ChIP products with tiling microarrays.
Project description:In an associated manuscript, we have measured by ChIP-seq the genome-wide distribution of total Histone H3, and Histone H3 di- and trimethylated at Lysine 27 (H3K27me2, H3K27me3) in early Drosophila embryos to measure establishment and maintenance of these modifications during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. We measured occupancy of these histone states at two timepoints corresponding to early embryonic cleavages (nuclear cycles 1-10, (NC1-10)) and late in the nuclear cycle following large-scale zygotic genome activation (nuclear cycle 14 (NC14)). The experiment was performed in two batches, each with two biological replicates for a total of 4 replicates. Two of the replicates were performed on embryos expressing RpA70-EGFP, which facilitates staging of early embryos by nuclear density. The second set of replicates were performed on embryos collected from a cross between RpA70-EGFP mothers and OregonR fathers. This second batch of replicates allowed us to distinguish whether H3, H3K27me2, or H3K27me3 preferentially associates with maternal or paternal chromating through the mapping of single nucleotide polymorphisms present in either the maternal or paternal genotype. To define these SNPs, we also performed whole genome resequencing of both parental stocks. We find that H3K27me2/3 is asymmetrically present on maternally-derived chromatin at NC1-10, and that both marks equalize by late NC14. In the associated manuscript, evidence is provided that the H3K27me2 mark is maintained over cleavage divisions, and that H3K27me3 is passively diluted over this time.
Project description:PcG protein complex PRC2 is a methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine27, and H3K27me3 is essential for stable transcription silencing. Less well known but quantitatively much more important is the genome-wide role of PRC2 that dimethylates ~70% of total H3K27. Here we show that H3K27me2 occurs in inverse proportion to transcriptional activity in genes and intergenic regions and its loss results in global transcriptional derepression proportionally greatest in previously silent or weakly transcribed regions. H3K27me2 levels are controlled by opposing roaming activities of PRC2 and the H3K27 demethylase dUTX. Unexpectedly, we find an equally pervasive distribution of histone H2A ubiquitylated at lysine 118 (H2AK118ub), attributed to the RING1 subunit of PRC1-type complexes. Examination of global changes in five epigenetic marks when E(z) is inactivated in E(z) temperature-sensitive cells at 25°C and 31°C.
Project description:PcG protein complex PRC2 is a methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine27, and H3K27me3 is essential for stable transcription silencing. Less well known but quantitatively much more important is the genome-wide role of PRC2 that dimethylates ~70% of total H3K27. Here we show that H3K27me2 occurs in inverse proportion to transcriptional activity in genes and intergenic regions and its loss results in global transcriptional derepression proportionally greatest in previously silent or weakly transcribed regions. H3K27me2 levels are controlled by opposing roaming activities of PRC2 and the H3K27 demethylase dUTX. Unexpectedly, we find an equally pervasive distribution of histone H2A ubiquitylated at lysine 118 (H2AK118ub), attributed to the RING1 subunit of PRC1-type complexes. Examination of global changes in five epigenetic marks when E(z) is inactivated in E(z) temperature-sensitive cells at 25°C and 31°C. Genome-wide binding of Polycomb was also examined to classify canonical PcG target regions.
Project description:The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) induces methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) through its catalytic subunit Ezh2. PRC2-mediated di- and tri-methylation (H3K27me2/me3) have been interchangeably associated with gene repression. However, it remains unclear whether these two degrees of H3K27 methylation have indeed different functions. In this study, we have generated isogenic mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) with a modified H3K27me2/H3K27me3 ratio. Our findings document a developmental dynamic control in the genomic distribution of H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 at regulatory regions in ESC. They also reveal that modifying the H3K27me2/H327me3 ratio is sufficient for the acquisition and repression of defined cell lineage transcriptional programs and phenotypes, along with influencing induction of the ESC ground state.