Project description:Cathepsin inhibitors have been associated to induce changes in Th1/Th2 polarization; cathepsin B inhibitor CA074 has been reported to induce a Th1 polarization, whereas cathepsin L inhibitor CLIK148 has been reported to induce a Th2 polarization. In this study, we pre-treated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) with CA074Me or CLIK148, followed by stimulation with a known pro-Th1 inducer (CpG) and a known pro-Th2 inducer (TNF-alpha) and analyzed by microarrays the expression of genes acting as pro-Th1 or pro-Th2 mediators.
Project description:T lymphocytes are orchestrators of adaptive immunity. Naïve T cells may differentiate into the Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTreg phenotype, depending on environmental co-stimulatory signals. In order to identify the genes and pathways involved in differentiation of Jurkat T cells towards Th1 and Th2 subtypes we performed comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Jurkat T cells stimulated with various stimuli an pathway inhibitors Jurkat T cells were treated with CD3, CD28 and PMA and all pairwise combinations, in the presence of DMSO (control) or kinase inhibitors. RNA was isolated after 8 hrs incubation.
Project description:T lymphocytes are orchestrators of adaptive immunity. Naïve T cells may differentiate into the Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTreg phenotype, depending on environmental co-stimulatory signals. In order to identify the genes and pathways involved in differentiation of Jurkat T cells towards Th1 and Th2 subtypes we performed comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Jurkat T cells stimulated with various stimuli an pathway inhibitors
Project description:T lymphocytes are orchestrators of adaptive immunity. Naïve T cells may differentiate into the Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTreg phenotype, depending on environmental co-stimulatory signals. In order to identify the genes and pathways involved in differentiation of Jurkat T cells towards Th1 and Th2 subtypes we performed comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Jurkat T cells stimulated with various stimuli an pathway inhibitors
Project description:T lymphocytes are orchestrators of adaptive immunity. Naïve T cells may differentiate into the Th1, Th2, Th17 or iTreg phenotype, depending on environmental co-stimulatory signals. In order to identify the genes and pathways involved in differentiation of Jurkat T cells towards Th1 and Th2 subtypes we performed comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Jurkat T cells stimulated with various stimuli an pathway inhibitors Jurkat T cells were treated with CD3/CD28 and CD3/PMA and CD28/PMA. RNA was isolated after 1 and 8 hrs stumalation.
Project description:The immune system plays a key role in the protective response against oral cancer, however the tumour microenvironment (TME) is able to impair this anti-cancer response by modulating T helper (Th) responses and promoting an anti-inflammatory environment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 effector cells (Teff) have been associated with bad prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however it is unknown the main chemoattractant or immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with the enrichment of these subsets in OSCC. We characterised T helper-like lineages in Teff and Tregs and evaluated the main immunomodulatory changes induced by the TME in OSCC. Our phenotypic data revealed a higher distribution of tumour-infiltrating CCR8+ and Th2-like Treg in OSCC in comparison with non-malignant samples, whereas the percentages of Th1 cells were reduced in cancer. We then analysed the presence of CCR8 ligands and the chemoattractant effect of tumour secretomes, however despite observing higher presence of CCR8 ligand CCL18, we only observed reduced migration of Teff to tumour secretomes. The direct effect of the TME was then analysed by exposing T cell subsets to cancer secretomes and we observed that the TME induced higher expression of CCR8 and immunomodulatory molecules on both subsets. Finally, the proteomic analysis of the TME suggests that these changes were associated with the rapid membrane-associated vitamin D signalling pathway. In summary, the TME from OSCC promotes immunomodulatory changes by regulating CCR8 expression and disbalancing the Th1/Th2 repertoire.
Project description:Cryo-thermal therapy has been proven to be a promising novel systemic strategy for advanced breast cancer, resulting in higher incidence of tumor regression and enhanced remission of metastasis. The mechanism by which such strategy boosts the anti-tumor activity remains unclear. To gain a system-wide understanding of the anti-tumor response, here we utilized a spontaneous metastatic mouse model and quantitative proteomics to compare the N-glycoproteome changes following treatment or not in 94 serum samples over 8 time points. We quantified 231 high confident N-glycosylated serum proteins in total using iTRAQ labeling shotgun proteomic. 53 of them showed significant regulatory patterns over time course, in which we identified acute phase response as the most enhanced pathway and markedly distinguished in the hierarchical proteome profile. We therefore investigated the function of acute response in tumoricidal effect using quantitative parallel reaction monitoring proteomics and flow cytometry upon 23 out of 53 significant proteins. We found that cryo-thermal therapy reshaped the tumor chronic inflammatory microenvironment to an ‘acute’ phenotype, accompanying ‘acute’ and markedly high expression of acute phase proteins and their key upstream regulator -interleukin 6. Such IL-6 mediated ‘acute’ phenotype drove the tumor site from a Th2 immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic to a Th1 immunostimulatory, tumouricidal phenotype, inducing a switch from IL-4 and Treg-promoting ICOSL expression to Th1-promoting IFN –γand IL-12 production, skewing to complement system activation and CD86+MHCII+ dendritic cells maturation, and enhancing the proliferation of Th1 memory cells. We also found an increased production of tumor metastatic inhibitors under such ‘acute’ environment, favoring the anti-metastatic effect. In this study, we revealed that IL-6 mediated ‘acute’ inflammatory profile played a key role to suppress immunosuppression and wake up the anti-tumor activity, recovering host metabolism and physiology. This could guide us a better understanding to improve this cancer treatment for better therapeutic effect.
Project description:T helper 1 (Th1) cell identity is defined by the expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor T-bet. Here, we examine the influence of T-bet expression heterogeneity on subset plasticity by leveraging cell sorting of distinct in vivo-differentiated Th1 cells based on their quantitative expression of T bet and interferon . Heterogeneous T bet expression states were regulated by virus induced type I interferons and were stably maintained even after secondary viral infection. Exposed to alternative differentiation signals, the sorted subpopulations exhibited graded levels of plasticity, particularly toward the Th2 lineage: T bet quantities were inversely correlated with the ability to express the Th2 lineage-specifying transcription factor GATA 3 and Th2 cytokines. Reprogramed Th1 cells acquired graded, but stable mixed Th1+2 phenotypes with a hybrid epigenetic landscape. Continuous presence of T-bet in differentiated Th1 cells was essential to ensure Th1 cell stability. Thus, innate cytokine signals regulate Th1 cell plasticity via an individual cell-intrinsic rheostat to enable T cell subset adaptation to subsequent challenges.
Project description:T helper 1 (Th1) cell identity is defined by the expression of the lineage-specifying transcription factor T-bet. Here, we examine the influence of T-bet expression heterogeneity on subset plasticity by leveraging cell sorting of distinct in vivo-differentiated Th1 cells based on their quantitative expression of T bet and interferon . Heterogeneous T bet expression states were regulated by virus induced type I interferons and were stably maintained even after secondary viral infection. Exposed to alternative differentiation signals, the sorted subpopulations exhibited graded levels of plasticity, particularly toward the Th2 lineage: T bet quantities were inversely correlated with the ability to express the Th2 lineage-specifying transcription factor GATA 3 and Th2 cytokines. Reprogramed Th1 cells acquired graded, but stable mixed Th1+2 phenotypes with a hybrid epigenetic landscape. Continuous presence of T-bet in differentiated Th1 cells was essential to ensure Th1 cell stability. Thus, innate cytokine signals regulate Th1 cell plasticity via an individual cell-intrinsic rheostat to enable T cell subset adaptation to subsequent challenges.