Mus musculus
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA293417 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Central leptin action is sufficient to restore euglycemia in type 1 diabetes via an insulin-independent manner. To examine the mechanism in the hypothalamus at the transcription level, numerous genes that showed expression changes to STZ-induced type 1 diabetes and were reversed by central leptin action were identified.
2016-02-02 | GSE72227 | GEO
Project description:Leptin monotherapy (i.e. without the use of administered insulin and/or any other molecule) corrects ID-induced metabolic aberrancies and promotes survival of insulin deficient rodents. These results generated great interest in the possibility of treating insulin deficient patients with leptin and/or molecule(s) underlying its beneficial effects. Hence, with the goal of identifying circulating molecule(s) underlying the advantageous effect of leptin we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma and identified S100A9 as a putative peripheral mediator of leptin action. Here, to identify circulating molecule(s) underlying the advantageous effect of leptin we compared the results obtained by quantitative proteomic analysis of plasma between 2 groups of mice: streptozotocin (STZ)-treated mice that underwent intracerebroventricular (icv) leptin treatment for 12 days (STZ-Leptin) and ii) STZ-treated mice that underwent icv leptin treatment for 10 days and were withdrawn from leptin treatment for the following two days (STZ-Leptin-STOP). STZ treatment led to a massive loss of pancreatic insulin-producing β-cells, diminished pancreatic Proinsulin mRNA level, and caused severe insulinopenia, and hyperglycemia. icv leptin administration normalized hyperglycemia. However, two days after leptin delivery was halted hyperglycemia reappeared. We hypothesized that change in plasmatic protein(s) content could underlie re-emergence of hyperglycemia following decrease of leptin action.
2019-07-12 | PXD013466 | Pride
Project description:In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), and the hypothalamus was recently identified as a key target for this effect. To investigate how FGF1 action in this brain area achieves this effect, we combined single-nucleeus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with single-cell and traditional RNA-seq to identify >70,000 single-cell transcriptomes from the hypothalamus of diabetic Lepob/ob mice obtained on Days 1, 5 and 42 after icv injection of either FGF1 or vehicle. In addition to robust transcriptomics effects on Agrp neurons, which persisted through Day 42, rapid inhibition of Agrp neurons by FGF1 was shown by both electrophysiology and cFos studies. This effect is predicted to increase hypothalamic melanocortin signaling, and we show that FGF1-induced diabetes remission is melanocortin-dependent, as it was prevented by either genetic or pharmacological blockade of central melanocortin receptors. Combined with dramatic transcriptional and morphological changes induced by icv FGF1 injection in tanycytes, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, including increased cellular contacts between astrocytes and Agrp neurons, these findings implicate glial-neuron interactions as mediators of the sustained remission of diabetes induced by the hypothalamic action of FGF1 action.
2020-04-21 | GSE148946 | GEO
Project description:In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), sustained remission of hyperglycemia can be induced by a single intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), and the hypothalamus was recently identified as a key target for this effect. To investigate how FGF1 action in this brain area achieves this effect, we combined single-nucleeus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with single-cell and traditional RNA-seq to identify >70,000 single-cell transcriptomes from the hypothalamus of diabetic Lepob/ob mice obtained on Days 1, 5 and 42 after icv injection of either FGF1 or vehicle. In addition to robust transcriptomics effects on Agrp neurons, which persisted through Day 42, rapid inhibition of Agrp neurons by FGF1 was shown by both electrophysiology and cFos studies. This effect is predicted to increase hypothalamic melanocortin signaling, and we show that FGF1-induced diabetes remission is melanocortin-dependent, as it was prevented by either genetic or pharmacological blockade of central melanocortin receptors. Combined with dramatic transcriptional and morphological changes induced by icv FGF1 injection in tanycytes, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, including increased cellular contacts between astrocytes and Agrp neurons, these findings implicate glial-neuron interactions as mediators of the sustained remission of diabetes induced by the hypothalamic action of FGF1 action.
2020-07-01 | GSE153549 | GEO
Project description:Insulin deficiency and uncontrolled diabetes lead to a catabolic state with decreased muscle strength, contributing to disease-related morbidity. FoxO transcription factors are suppressed by insulin and thus are key mediators of insulin action. To study their role in diabetic muscle wasting, we created mice with muscle-specific triple knockout of FoxO1/3/4 and induced diabetes in these M-FoxO-TKO mice with streptozotocin (STZ). Muscle mass and myofiber area were decreased 20-30% in STZ-Diabetes mice due to increased ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and autophagy alterations, characterized by increased LC3-containing vesicles, and elevated levels of phosphorylated ULK1 and LC3-II. Both the muscle loss and markers of increased degradation/autophagy were completely prevented in STZ FoxO-TKO mice. Transcriptomic analyses revealed FoxO-dependent increases in ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis pathways in STZ-Diabetes, including regulation of Fbxo32 (Atrogin1), Trim63 (MuRF1), Bnip3L, and Gabarapl. These same genes were increased 1.4- to 3.3-fold in muscle from humans with type 1 diabetes after short-term insulin deprivation. Thus, FoxO-regulated genes play a rate-limiting role in increased protein degradation and muscle atrophy in insulin-deficient diabetes.
2019-09-05 | GSE136948 | GEO
Project description:Analysis of gene expression in the liver of insulin-deficient mice regulated by icv leptin administration. Control group received icv PBS administration. Icv leptin administration ameliorates hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient mice. Our transcriptome data provides important aspects of the leptin’s anti-type 1 diabetes action.
2013-09-03 | GSE48598 | GEO
Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
2017-02-06 | GSE92235 | GEO
Project description:The relationship between loss of hypothalamic function and onset of diabetes mellitus remains elusive. Therefore, we generated a targeted oxidative-stress murine model utilizing conditional knockout of selenocysteine-tRNA (Trsp) using rat insulin promoter-driven-Cre (RIP-Cre). These Trsp-knockout (TrspRIPKO) mice exhibit deletion of Trsp in both hypothalamic cells and pancreatic β-cells leading to increased hypothalamic oxidative stress and severe insulin resistance. Leptin signals were suppressed and numbers of proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons in the hypothalamus were decreased. In contrast, a Trsp-knockout mouse (TrspIns1KO) expressing Cre specifically in pancreatic β-cells, but not in the hypothalamus, did not display insulin and leptin resistance, demonstrating a critical role of the hypothalamus in the onset of diabetes mellitus. Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor-2) regulates antioxidant gene expression. Gene-driven increase in Nrf2 signaling suppressed hypothalamic oxidative stress and improved insulin and leptin resistance in TrspRIPKO mice. Thus, Nrf2 harbors the potential to prevent the onset of diabetic mellitus by reducing hypothalamic oxidative damage.
2017-02-06 | GSE92234 | GEO
Project description:The brain is the most cholesterol-rich organ in the body, most of which comes from in situ synthesis. Here we demonstrate that in insulin-deficient diabetic mice, there is a reduction in expression of the major transcriptional regulator of cholesterol metabolism, SREBP-2, and its downstream genes in the hypothalamus and other areas of the brain, leading to a reduction in brain cholesterol synthesis and synaptosomal cholesterol content. These changes are due, at least in part, to direct effects of insulin to regulate these genes in neurons and glial cells and can be corrected by intracerebroventricular injections of insulin. Knockdown of SREBP-2 in cultured neurons causes a decrease in markers of synapse formation and reduction of SREBP-2 in the hypothalamus of mice using shRNA results in increased feeding and weight gain. Thus, insulin and diabetes can alter brain cholesterol metabolism, and this may play an important role in the neurologic and metabolic dysfunction observed in diabetes and other disease states. Hypothalamus was compared between streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic, ob/ob, and control mice, with 5-6 replicates per goup.
2014-10-03 | E-GEOD-62013 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ob/ob mice were given 0, 12.5 or 25 ng/hr leptin through an osmotic pump. After 12 days, livers RNA was prepared and illumina microarrays were done. We tested whether leptin can ameliorate diabetes independent of weight loss by defining the lowest dose at which leptin treatment of ob/ob mice reduces plasma [glucose] and [insulin]. We found that a leptin dose of 12.5 ng/hour significantly lowers blood glucose and that 25 ng/hour of leptin normalizes plasma glucose and insulin without significantly reducing body weight, thus establishing that leptin exerts its most potent effects on glucose metabolism. To find possible mediators of this effect, we profiled liver mRNA using microarrays and identified IGF Binding Protein 2 as being regulated by leptin with a similarly high potency. Over-expression of IGFBP2 by an adenovirus reversed diabetes in insulin resistant ob/ob, Ay/a and diet-induced obese mice (DIO), as well as insulin deficient streptozotocin-treated mice. Hyperinsulinemic clamp studies showed a three-fold improvement in hepatic insulin sensitivity following IGFBP2 treatment in ob/ob mice. These results show that IGFBP2 can regulate glucose metabolism, a finding with potential implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes.
2009-11-25 | GSE19185 | GEO