Project description:<p>The Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN) is an active multi-site, multi-disciplinary, longitudinal study of women's health. Initially funded in 1994 by the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR), and the Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH), the overall goal of SWAN is to describe the natural history of the menopausal transition and the post menopause including biological, behavioral, and psychosocial characteristics. SWAN focuses on the impact of menopause on age-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, depression, bone loss and osteoporosis, as well as physical and cognitive functioning. SWAN has seven clinical study sites located in six states, two in California, and one each in Chicago, Boston, Detroit area, northern New Jersey and Pittsburgh. The SWAN cohort was recruited from these areas and consists of 3,302 African American, Caucasian, Chinese American, Hispanic and Japanese American women. SWAN participants were enrolled in 1996-1997 and have been seen annually or bi-annually for clinic visits, which include interviews, measurements, and the collection of blood and urine samples. SWAN participants have now been seen for the baseline and 15 follow-up visits.</p>
Project description:BackgroundInformation on the associations between metal exposures and adipokines in human populations is limited and results are inconsistent. We evaluated the associations between metals and adipokines.MethodsUrinary concentrations of 15 metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, copper, mercury, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony, tin, thallium, and zinc) were measured in 1999-2000 among 1228 women of the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Serum adipokines including high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) were measured at the follow-up visit (2002-2003). Linear regression models with adaptive elastic-net (AENET) were fit to identify metals associated with adipokines and to compute estimated percent changes in adipokines for one standard deviation increase in log-transformed urinary metal concentrations.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounders, urinary molybdenum was associated with a 5.54% higher level (95% CI: 1.36%, 9.90%), whereas cadmium was associated with a 4.53% lower level (95% CI: -8.17%, -0.76%) of HMW-adiponectin. Urinary molybdenum was also associated with a 5.95% lower leptin level (95% CI: -10.15%, -1.56%) and a 2.98% (95% CI: 0.69%, 5.32%) higher sOB-R level. Urinary cesium and lead were associated with a 3.58% (95% CI: -6.06%, -1.03%) and a 2.53% (95% CI: -4.80%, -0.21%) lower level of sOB-R, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that molybdenum was associated with favorable profiles of HMW-adiponectin, leptin, and sOB-R. Exposures to cadmium, cesium, and lead were associated with adverse adipokine profiles.