Project description:Transcription profiles of BV2 microglial cell lines: unstimulated, stimulated with LPS or transfected with constitutively active Stat1 and Stat3.
Project description:To comprehensively study the intracellular signaling changes and explore the underlying mechanisms of baicalein-mediated microglial responses, we employed systemic proteomic approach, using target-free SWATH mass spectra (SWATH-MS), focusing on intracellular proteins. BV2 cells were treated with LPS followed by the addition of vehicle or baicalein and they were cultured for a total of 48 hours before being collected for proteomic analysis.
Project description:The OPTN gene is linked to neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), which are characterized by chronic microglial activation. Optineurin regulates inflammatory signaling, autophagy, and trafficking, but its role in microglia is not well understood. We used bulk RNA sequencing to profile CRISPR-Cas9-mediated optineurin knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) BV2 microglia under basal conditions and upon LPS stimulation. At baseline, optineurin KO altered approximately 7% of the transcriptome, with a notable downregulation of type I interferon and antiviral pathways. LPS stimulation in wild-type cells triggered a broad transcriptional shift (~35% of genes). This LPS-induced response was blunted in optineurin-deficient microglia, with ~16% of genes changed relative to the KO baseline. Furthermore, LPS-treated optineurin KO microglia notably diverged from LPS-treated wild-type cells, with ~26% differentially expressed genes. Our findings establish optineurin as a key regulator of the microglial transcriptome. Its loss weakens basal interferon-mediated immune surveillance and decouples the canonical inflammatory response from cell cycle arrest upon activation.
Project description:Mouse microglia (BV2 cells) were stimulated with a TLR4 ligand (E. coli LPS, 1 µg/ml) for 4h. The Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse Gene Expression Microarray (G4852A) was used for the analysis, which provides full coverage of genes and transcripts with the most up-to-date content, including mRNAs and lincRNAs (http://www.chem.agilent.com/store/en_US/Prod-G4852A/G4852A). BV2 cells were grown to 80% confluence for four groups: the siRNA control (Group A, cells treated with a non-specific scrambied siRNA control), the LPS-stimulated (Group B, cells treated with the siRNA control plus LPS stimulation), lincRNA-Cox2 siRNA (Group C, cells treated with an siRNA to lincRNA-Cox2), and lincRNA-Cox2 siRNA/LPS stimulated (Group D, cells treated with the lincNRA-Cox2 siRNA plus LPS stimulation). Cells were treated with the siRNAs for 24h, followed by additional culture for 4h in the presence or absence of LPS (E. coli LPS, 1 µg/ml). Total RNAs were prepared with the RNeasy Mini kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer’s instruction (Ambion).
Project description:Murine BV2 microglia cells were transfected either with siRNA negative control or siRNA against caspase-3 for 48h. Later on some the of the BV2 transfected cells were co-cultured with C6 glioma cells during 6h. We used the SA Biosciences Mouse Wound Healing PCR Array (PAMM-121Z) to quantitate gene expression of relevant genes related to the wound healing process Glioma cells recruit and exploit microglia, resident immune cells of the brain, for their proliferation and invasion capability. The underlying molecular mechanism used by glioma cells to transform microglia into a tumor-supporting phenotype remains elusive. Here, we report that glioma-induced microglia conversion is coupled to a reduction of basal microglial caspase-3 activity, increased S-nitrosylation of mitochondria-associated caspase-3 through inhibition of thioredoxin-2 activity, and demonstrate that caspase-3 inhibition regulates microglial tumor-supporting function. Further, we identified nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2) activity originating from the glioma cells as a driving stimulus in the control of microglial caspase-3 activity. Repression of glioma NOS2 expression in vivo led to reduction in both microglia recruitment and tumor expansion, whereas depletion of the microglial caspase-3 gene promoted tumor growth. This study provides evidence that the inhibition of Trx2-mediated denitrosylation of SNO-procaspase-3 is part of the microglial pro-tumoral activation pathway initiated by glioma cancer cells. qPCR gene expression profiling. Three independent experiments of siControl BV2 monoculture, siCaspase3 BV2 monoculture, siControl BV2 cocultured 6h with C6 glioma cells and siCaspase3 BV2 cocultured 6h with C6 glioma cells. Equal amount total RNA from each culture was used for the gene expression analysis. Please note that the raw data for three independent experiments (prior to averaging the data) is provided in the 'Raw_Data_File_with_the_Ct_values_for_3_indep_experiments.txt'.