Transcriptomic and gene ontology profiling of the human corneal cell types
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA499078 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
Dataset's files
| Action | DRS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SRR8129830.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8129831.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8129832.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8129833.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz | |||
| SRR8129834.fastq.gz | Fastqsanger.gz |
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Project description:Purpose: To identify distinct gene expression and functional profiles for the three main cell types (epithelial, keratocyte and endothelial) of the human cornea. Methods: RNA-sequencing was performed using total RNA isolated from ex vivo corneal epithelial cells (evCEpC), keratocytes (evK) and endothelial cells (evCEnC) obtained from 3 donor corneas obtained from a commercial eye bank. Transcriptomic analysis was performed using Kallisto (alignment (hg38) and quantification) and Sleuth (differential gene expression(DGE)), with transcript abundances calculated as transcripts per kilobase million (TPM). Expression was defined as TPM≥7.5 and significant DGE as a fold-change ≥4 and a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value≤0.05. Cell type specificity was defined as genes adhering to the above expression and DGE criteria and not expressed (i.e., TPM<7.5) in the other two cell types. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed on the cell type-specific gene lists using the gene group functional profiling (g:GOSt) tool within the web-based g:Profiler suite. Results: We identified 205 genes specific in evCEpC, and enrichment of epithelial-associated GO terms (e.g., cornified envelope, epidermis development, cell-cell adhesion). We identified 76 genes specific in evK, and fibroblast-associated GO terms (e.g., collagen metabolic process, metallopeptidase activity, extracellular matrix organization). We identified 96 genes specific in evCEnC, and at least one CEnC-associated GO term (e.g., cellular cation homeostasis) but several synapse-associated GO terms (e.g., synapse organization, synapse part). Conclusions: The human cornea is comprised of three main cell types that play important roles in maintaining corneal clarity and vision. Our results demonstrate that a small subset (0.4-1%) of the protein-coding genes confers distinct and classic functional properties associated with each cell type. In addition, we identified a novel association and significant functional overlap between CEnC and synapses. This may lead to insights into the molecular mechanisms of transendothelial transport and secretion, which are integral metabolic features of the corneal endothelium.
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Project description:Hyperglycemia leads to functional decline of various corneal cells, which induces corneal diseases. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying how hyperglycemia affects the corneal epithelium have not been determined. Here, by undertaking single-cell transcriptomics of corneal epithelial cells obtained from healthy and diabetic non-human primates, we identified cell type-specific transcriptional alterations and shared changes across cell types, such as upregulation of FOXO3. Targeted depletion of FOXO3 in human corneal epithelial cells regulated metabolic remodeling by inhibiting glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, FOXO3 can not only sense reactive oxygen species (ROS) in corneal epithelial cells and scavenge ROS, but also mediate the proliferation and migration of corneal epithelial cells, demonstrating FOXO3 as a guardian factor in maintaining primate corneal epithelial homeostasis. Our study provides novel insight into the role of FOXO3 in metabolic remodeling and maintenance of ROS homeostasis in corneal epithelium at single-cell level, laying a foundation for decoding the molecular mechanism of the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic eye disease.
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Project description:The corneal endothelium plays a primary role in maintaining corneal homeostasis and clarity, and must be surgically replaced with allogenic donor corneal endothelium in the event of visually significant dysfunction. However, a worldwide shortage of donor corneal tissue has led to a search for alternative sources of transplantable tissue. Cultured human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnC) have been shown to restore corneal clarity in experimental models of corneal endothelial dysfunction in animal models, but characterization of cultured HCEnC remains incomplete. To this end, we utilized next-generation RNA sequencing technology to compare the transcriptomic profile of ex vivo human corneal endothelium (evHCEnC) with that of primary HCEnC and HCEnC lines, and to determine the utility of cultured and immortalized corneal endothelial cells as models of in vivo corneal endothelium. Multidimensional analyses of the transcriptome datasets demonstrated that primary HCEnC have a closer relationship to evHCEnC than do immortalized HCEnC. Subsequent analyses showed that the majority of the genes specifically expressed in HCEnC (not expressed in ex vivo corneal epithelium or fibroblasts) demonstrated a marked variability of expression in cultured cells compared with evHCEnC. In addition, genes associated with either corneal endothelial cell function or corneal endothelial dystrophies were investigated. Significant differences in gene expression and protein levels were observed in the cultured cells compared with evHCEnC for each of the genes tested except for AGBL1 and LOXHD1, which were not detected by RNA-seq or qPCR. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that at a molecular level primary HCEnC most closely resemble evHCEC and thus represent a viable therapeutic option for managing corneal endothelial dysfunction. Our findings also suggest that investigators should perform an assessment of the entire transcriptome of cultured HCEnC prior to determination of the potential clinical utility of the cultured HCEnC for the management of corneal endothelial cell failure. Transcriptomes from ex vivo corneal endothelium, primary cultures and three cell lines were compared. Three samples of each endothelial cell group were submitted for RNA sequencing for a total of 15 samples. The transcriptome for the ex vivo corneal endothelium was used as the reference (i.e., proxy for in vivo corneal endothelium). Transcript abundances for a subset of genes associated with corneal endothelial cell function or disease were validated with qPCR and western blot. Samples of ex vivo endothelium used for validation were independent replicates not used for RNA-sequencing.
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Project description:Corneal endothelium is composed of a monolayer of corneal endothelial cells (CECs) in the inner layer of cornea, which is essential for maintaining corneal transparency. In order to better characterize CECs in different developmental stages, we profiled mRNA transcriptomes in human fetal and adult corneal endothelium with the goal to identify novel molecular markers in these cells. By comparing CECs with 12 other types of tissues, we identified 245 and 284 signature genes that are highly expressed in fetal and adult CECs, respectively. Functionally, these genes are characteristic of CECs, involving in cell adhesion, proteoglycan and sulfur metabolic process. Importantly, several of these genes are disease target genes in hereditary corneal dystrophies, consistent with their functional significance in CEC physiology. By comparing fetal and adult CECs, we also identified stage-specific markers associated with CEC maturation, such as the activation of the Wnt pathway genes in fetal, but not in adult CECs. Lastly, by immunohistochemistry of ocular tissues, we further confirmed the unique protein expression patterns for Wnt5a, S100A4, S100A6, and IER3, the four novel markers for either fetal or adult CECs. The identification of a new panel of molecular markers for fetal and mature CECs would be very useful for characterizing and quality controlling CECs through ex vivo expansion or stem cell differentiation for cell replacement therapy. mRNA profile between adult and fetal CECs by high-throughput sequencing
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