Project description:RNA-Seq technique was used to obtain the transcriptome map of Prochlorococcus MED4, including operons, untranslated regions, non-coding RNAs, and novel genes. Genome-wide expression profiles revealed that three factors contribute to core genome stabilization. First, a negative correlation between gene expression levels and protein evolutionary rates was observed. Highly expressed genes were overrepresented in the core genome but not in the flexible genome. Gene necessity was determined as a second powerful constraint on genome evolution through functional enrichment analysis. Third, quick mRNA turnover may increase corresponding proteins’ fidelity among genes that were abundantly expressed. Together, these factors influence core genome stabilization during MED4 genome evolution.
Project description:A circadian gene expression study in model marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus marinus MED4 was performed in order to evaluate circadian gene expression and identify genes which were regulated dependent on circadian photoperiod or light intensity.
Project description:RNA-Seq technique was used to obtain the transcriptome map of Prochlorococcus MED4, including operons, untranslated regions, non-coding RNAs, and novel genes. Genome-wide expression profiles revealed that three factors contribute to core genome stabilization. First, a negative correlation between gene expression levels and protein evolutionary rates was observed. Highly expressed genes were overrepresented in the core genome but not in the flexible genome. Gene necessity was determined as a second powerful constraint on genome evolution through functional enrichment analysis. Third, quick mRNA turnover may increase corresponding proteinsM-bM-^@M-^Y fidelity among genes that were abundantly expressed. Together, these factors influence core genome stabilization during MED4 genome evolution. The cells were cultured on Pro99 medium for a certain time course (1, 3, 4, 8, and 10 days); or transferred to AMP (Artificial Medium for Prochlorococcus) with 6 mM or 24 mM sodium bicarbonate for 5 or 10 hours.
Project description:Prochlorococcus marinus is a highly abundant picocyanobacterium in Earth’s oceans and therefore a significant contributor to global primary production. This organism exists as different ecotypes, each occupying particular environments in the euphotic zone that differ in both solar penetration and nutrient levels. The ecotypes analysed here were isolated from depths of 5 m (MED4), 135 m (MIT9313) and 120 m (SS120) and cultured at low illumination. MED4, adapted to high light levels closer to the surface, was compared at both low and high illumination. In contrast to other cyanobacteria such as Synechocystis with a dominance of photosystem I (PSI) over photosystem II (PSII) complexes in the thylakoid membranes, MED4 and MIT9313 showed about equal levels. In MED4, the relative levels were almost the same in both the high and low light cultures. SS120 thylakoids contained a lower cytochrome b6f content and around two-fold more PSII than PSI. Additionally a significantly higher abundance of light-harvesting Pcb proteins was found in SS120 than the other ecotypes. This proteomic comparison was employed in conjunction with thylakoid membrane AFM imaging to rationalize the strategies these ecotypes use to survive in the different oceanic environments.
Project description:For this manuscript, the Prochlorococcus MED4 strain shotgun proteome dataset was used for benchmarking a de novo-directed sequencing approach. De novo peptide sequencing, where the sequence of amino acids is determined directly from mass spectra rather than by comparison (or peptide spectrum matching) to a selected database. We perform a benchmarking experiment using Prochlorococcus culture data, demonstrating de novo peptides are sufficiently accurate and taxonomically specific to be useful in environmental studies. The MED4 dataset herein represents the output from peptide spectrum matching using COMET within the transproteomic pipeline (TPP). Additional MED4 data outside this manuscript are included for both trypsin and Glu-C protease digestions as well as TPP output for post-translational modification searches. De novo output data derived from Peaks Studio can be found by referencing the manuscript publication.
Project description:Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus marinus subsp. pastoris str. CCMP1986 (MED4) and Prochlorococcus marinus str. MIT 9313 (MIT9313) are oceanic oxygenic phototrophs, where MED4 is abundant in surface waters (~0-50 meters) and MIT9313 is abundant at depths of ~100 meters. To explore nitrogen-regulated changes in gene expression in these Prochlorococcus ecotypes, log phase cultures of MED4 and MIT9313 were transferred to either nitrogen-replete (800 uM ammonium) or medium lacking supplemental nitrogen. Samples were taken over a time series in order to characterize changes in physiology and gene expression during increasing nitrogen starvation. The two ecotypes' molecular responses to different nitrogen sources were also assessed by comparing gene expression of log phase cultures growing in ammonium vs. urea and cyanate (MED4), and vs. urea and nitrite (MIT9313).