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ABSTRACT: Identification of beta-catenin response genes in Nematostella vectensis embryos

PROVIDER: PRJNA661731 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR12600728.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12600729.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12600730.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12600731.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR12600732.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Antagonistic BMP–cWNT signaling in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis reveals insight into the evolution of mesoderm

Project description:Using forward transcriptomics, we show that beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling provide differential inputs into the cnidarian endomesodermal gene regulatory network (GRN) at the onset of gastrulation (24 h postfertilization) in N. vectensis. Surprisingly, beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling regulate a subset of common downstream target genes in the GRN in opposite ways, leading to the spatial and temporal differentiation of fields of cells in the developing embryo. Thus, we show that regulatory interactions between beta-catenin/Tcf signaling and BMP2/4 signaling are required for the specification and determination of different embryonic regions and the patterning of the oral?aboral axis in Nematostella.

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MAPK signaling promotes embryonic neural induction and expression of embryonic patterning genes in Nematostella vectensis

Project description:While FGF mediated MEK/ERK signaling is required for apical tuft formation and metamorphosis in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Rentzsch et al, 2008), nothing is known about the role of MEK/ERK signaling in inducing germ layers and cell types during early developmental stages. We therefore performed a genome wide expression array on UO126 (MEK inhibitor) treated blastula stages compared to DMSO treated control embryos and identified genes potentially involved in neurogenesis, germ layer specification and axial patterning.We performed transcriptional profiling of Nematostella vectensis blastula stages (24 hours post fertilisation @ 17C) using a custom made whole genome array (4x72K - A-MEXP-2380). DMSO treated wild-type embryos were compared to U0126 (MEK Inhibitor) treated embryos at the blastula stage.

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Project description:Bilaterian animals differ from other metazoans in their apparent bilateral symmetry and the development of a third germ layer. Both might have facilitated the evolution of the diverse and complex bilaterian body plans. The first cnidarian genome sequence revealed that despite their morphological simplicity, this sister group to all bilaterians shares an immense genomic complexity with vertebrates. This suggested that it might have been the complexity of gene regulation which increased during the evolution of bilaterians. We compared the gene regulatory landscape of cnidarians and bilaterians. To this end we generated the first genome-wide prediction of gene regulatory elements and profiled five epigenetic marks in a non-bilaterian animal, the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. We found that the location of chromatin modifications relative to genes and distal enhancers is conserved among eumetazoans. Surprisingly, the genomic landscape of gene regulatory elements is highly similar between Nematostella and bilaterian model organisms. This suggests that complex regulation of developmental gene expression evolved in eumetazoans without a major increase in complexity in bilaterians. ChIP-seq of p300, RNA Pol2, and five histone modifications in Nematostella vectensis.

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Notch, β-catenin and MAPK signaling segregate endoderm and mesoderm in the diploblast Nematostella vectensis

Project description:Cnidaria are typically considered diploblastic (i.e. consisting of two germ layers) in contrast to their triploblastic sister clade, the Bilateria. However, a recent study suggested that sea anemones and other cnidarians have three segregated germ layer identities, corresponding to the bilaterian germ layers1. Here, we investigated, how the three germ layer identities are specified during early development of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. First, the mesodermal territory is specified at the animal pole at 6 hours postfertilization, followed by the specification of a ring of endodermal territory between mesoderm and ectoderm. We then assessed the role of β-catenin, MAPK and Notch signaling pathways during mesoderm and endoderm formation. Our results show that the mesoderm is initiated by MAPK signaling and simultaneously restricted to the future oral side by mutually exclusive nuclear β-catenin signaling. The mesodermal cells then express the Delta ligand, while the ectodermal cells express the Notch receptor. Inhibition of Notch signaling as well as ectopic expression of the Notch intracellular domain showed that endodermal tissue identity is induced by Notch signaling at the boundary between mesoderm and ectoderm. We propose a new model that outlines the different steps leading to the segregation of mesoderm and endoderm identities in Nematostella, confirming the presence of 3 distinct germ layer identities in this cnidarian. Notably, the observed crosstalk of MAPK, β-catenin and Notch signaling in the specification of three germ layers in Nematostella is highly reminiscent to early stage gastrulae of sea urchins suggesting that triploblasty may predate the split of cnidarians and bilaterians.

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A transphyletic study of metazoan β-catenin protein complexes

Project description:β-catenin plays a vital role in various biological processes, such as body axis determination and cell differentiation, during embryonic development in metazoans. These β-catenin functions are thought to be exerted through complexes formed with various types of proteins. Although β-catenin complex proteins have been identified in several bilaterian models, little is known about the structural and functional properties of β-catenin complexes in the early metazoan evolutionary phases. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis of β-catenin sequences in nonbilaterian lineages that branched off early in metazoan evolution. We aslo carried out a transphyletic function experiments of β-catenin from non-bilaterian metazoans using developing Xenopus embryos, which included secondary axis induction in embryos and proteomic analysis of the β-catenin protein complex. Comparative functional analysis of nonbilaterian β-catenins also demonstrated sequence characteristics important for β-catenin function, and the deep origin and evolutionary conservation of the cadherin-catenin complex. Proteins coimmunoprecipitated with β-catenin included several proteins conserved across metazoans. These data provide a new insight into the conserved repertoire of β-catenin complexes.

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