Screening of virus infection in suspected malaria patients in the city of Manaus in the Amazon region of Brazil
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PROVIDER: PRJNA713831 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) represent a threat to global public health, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. More than 150 arboviruses can infect humans; they cause mainly febrile illness, although hemorrhagic complications and diseases affecting the central nervous system (SNC) can also be observed. Arboviruses represent a threat to Brazil and, therefore, a permanent surveillance of these viruses is required to timely reduce the risk of epidemic outbreaks. The Brazilian Amazon region is where the highest number of arboviruses has been detected in the world. Besides, malaria is also endemic in the Amazon region, with a significant predominance of Plasmodium vivax. It is often difficult to differentiate between malaria and arboviral diseases, as they share similar clinical features and laboratory findings, mainly undifferentiated fever. This study aimed to estimate possible viral etiology in patients with febrile syndrome negative for Plasmodium infection, in the Brazilian Amazon. We initially analyzed serum samples of 124 participants with a DNA microarray platform designed for the detection of arboviruses and viruses transmitted by small mammals, but no virus was detected. Then, the serum samples of 76 participants were analyzed with a deep New Generation Sequencing, which showed evidence of the presence of only one arbovirus, the Zika virus in only one pool of 9 serum samples. This result is in contrast with our hypothesis, showing that arboviruses are not frequent in suspected malaria cases in Manaus, Brazil. Other viruses instead of arboviruses were found in this study. Primate erythrovirus 1 was the virus most frequently found virus in the suspected malaria patients, followed by Enterobacteria phage lambda. Besides, we detected, in a lower frequency, the Pegivirus C. In addition to the exogenous viruses, we also detected human endogenous retrovirus in all pools. Due to the high number of viruses that are important in the differential diagnosis of malaria, cost-effective and simple high throughput methods are required, helping molecular surveillance of misdiagnosed viral infections. Further studies with more robust sample sizes in other areas in the Amazon are needed.
2022-03-01 | GSE168657 | GEO
Project description:We analyzed bone marrow aspirates from seven patients with vivax malaria and RNAseq analysis identified genes assoviated with erythropoietic defects
2020-08-25 | GSE136046 | GEO
Project description:Malaria is increasingly diagnosed in urban centers across the Amazon Basin. In this study, we combined repeated prevalence surveys over a 4-year period of a household-based random sample of 2,774 persons with parasite genotyping to investigate the epidemiology of malaria in Mâncio Lima, the main urban transmission hotspot in Amazonian Brazil. We found that most malarial infections were asymptomatic and undetected by point-of-care microscopy. Our findings indicate that as malaria transmission decreases, the detection threshold of microscopy rises, resulting in more missed infections despite similar parasite densities estimated by molecular methods. We identified genetically highly diverse populations of Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in the region; occasional shared lineages between urban and rural residents suggest cross-boundary propagation. The prevalence of low-density and asymptomatic infections poses a significant challenge for routine surveillance and the effectiveness of malaria control and elimination strategies in urbanized areas with readily accessible laboratory facilities.
| S-EPMC11346994 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine can confer sterilizing protection against liver stage infection by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in malaria naïve individuals. The vaccine consists of aseptically purified irradiated Pf sporozoites. The PfSPZ Vaccine trial in Mali was the first to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this vaccine in a malaria endemic region. Vaccinees received five doses of 2.7 X 105 irradiated sporozoites and the efficacy was measured against naturally occurring Pf Infections in Malian adults during the malaria transmission season.
2017-01-01 | GSE86308 | GEO
Project description:Bats captured in Brazilian Amazon region Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA985242 | ENA
Project description:The Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine can confer sterilizing protection against liver stage infection by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) in malaria naïve individuals. The vaccine consists of aseptically purified irradiated Pf sporozoites. Vaccinees received 3 doses of 1.8 X 106 irradiated sporozoites. Efficacy was measured by challenged by controlled human malaria infections (CHMI), and against naturally occurring Pf Infections in Malian adults during the malaria transmission season
2022-08-20 | GSE211599 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundPlasmodium vivax malaria (Pv-malaria) is still considered a neglected disease despite an alarming number of individuals being infected annually. Malaria pathogenesis occurs with the onset of the vector-parasite-host interaction through the binding of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and receptors of innate immunity, such as toll-like receptors (TLRs). The triggering of the signaling cascade produces an elevated inflammatory response. Genetic polymorphisms in TLRs are involved in susceptibility or resistance to infection, and the identification of genes involved with Pv-malaria response is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and may contribute to the formulation of control and elimination tools.Methodology/principal findingsA retrospective case-control study was conducted in an intense transmission area of Pv-malaria in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. Genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) in different TLRs, TIRAP, and CD14 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 325 patients infected with P. vivax and 274 healthy individuals without malaria history in the prior 12 months from the same endemic area. Parasite load was determined by qPCR. Simple and multiple logistic/linear regressions were performed to investigate association between the polymorphisms and the occurrence of Pv-malaria and parasitemia. The C/T (TLR5 R392StopCodon) and T/T (TLR9 -1486C/T) genotypes appear to be risk factors for infection by P. vivax (TLR5: C/C vs. C/T [OR: 2.116, 95% CI: 1.054-4.452, p = 0.031]; TLR9: C/C vs. T/T [OR: 1.919, 95% CI: 1.159-3.177, p = 0.010]; respectively). Fever (COEF = 7599.46, 95% CI = 3063.80-12135.12, p = 0.001) and the C/C genotype of TLR9 -1237C/T (COEF = 17006.63, 95% CI = 3472.83-30540.44, p = 0.014) were independently associated with increased parasitemia in patients with Pv-malaria.ConclusionsVariants of TLRs may predispose individuals to infection by P. vivax. The TLR5 R392StopCodon and TLR9 -1486C/T variants are associated with susceptibility to Pv-malaria. Furthermore, the TLR9 variant -1237C/C correlates with high parasitemia.
| S-EPMC5574562 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn Brazil, malaria is caused mainly by the Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum species. Its transmission occurs in endemic and non-endemic areas. Malaria geography in Brazil has retracted and is now concentrated in the North region. The Brazilian Amazon region accounts for 99% of Brazil's cases. Brazil's extra-Amazon region has a high frequency of imported cases and in 2019 presented a mortality rate 123 times higher than the Amazon region. Extra-Amazon cases present risks of reintroduction. This study aims to characterize the epidemiological scenario for malaria in the extra-Amazon region of Brazil from 2011 to 2020 with a two-year forecast.MethodsTime-series study with description of malaria cases and deaths registered in Brazilian extra-Amazon region from 2011 to 2020. Public data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) and the Mortality Information System (SIM) were used. Descriptive analysis, incidence, and notification rates were calculated. Flow charts analysed the flux between Places of Probable Infection (PI) and places of notification. The prediction model utilized a multiplicative Holt-winters model for trend and seasonality components.ResultsA total of 6849 cases were registered. Cases were predominantly white males with 9 to 11 years of education, mostly between 30 and 39 years old. Imported cases accounted for 78.9% of cases. Most frequent occupations for imported cases are related to travelling and tourism activities. Among autochthonous cases, there is a higher frequency of agriculture and domestic economic activities. In the period there were 118 deaths due to malaria, of which 34.7% were caused by P. falciparum infections and 48.3% were not specified. The most intense flows of imported cases are from Amazonas and Rondônia to São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Paraná. The prediction estimates around 611 cases for each of the following two years.ConclusionThe time series allows a vast epidemiological visualization with a short-term prediction analysis that supports public health planning. Government actions need to be better directed in the extra-Amazon region so the objective of eliminating malaria in Brazil is achieved. Carrying out quality assessments for information systems and qualifying personnel is advisable. Malaria outside the Amazon region is mainly due to imported cases and delay in diagnosis is associated with a higher fatality rate. Better strategies to diagnose and treat suspected cases can lead to lower risk of deaths and local outbreaks that will be important for achieving malaria elimination in Brazil.
| S-EPMC9153870 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The Amazon molly is a unique clonal fish species that originated from an interspecies hybrid between Poecilia species P. mexicana and P. latipinna. It reproduces by gynogenesis, which eliminates paternal genomic contribution to offspring. Earlier study showed that Amazon molly exhibits bi-allelic expression for a large portion of the genome, leading to two main questions: 1. Are the allelic expression patterns from the initial hybridization event stabilized or changed during establishment of the asexual species and its further evolution? 2. Is allelic expression biased toward one parental allele a stochastic or adaptive process? To answer these questions, the allelic expression of P. formosa siblings was assessed to investigate intra- and inter-cohort allelic expression variability. For comparison, interspecies hybrids between P. mexicana and P. latipinna were produced in the laboratory to represent the P. formosa ancestor. We have identified inter-cohort and intra-cohort variation in parental allelic expression. The existence of inter-cohort divergence suggests functional P. formosa allelic expression patterns do not simply reflect the atavistic situation of the first interspecies hybrid but potentially result from long-term selection of transcriptional fitness. In addition, clonal fish exhibit a transcriptional trend representing minimal intra-clonal variability in allelic expression patterns compared to the corresponding hybrids. The intra-clonal similarity in gene expression translates to sophisticated genetic functional regulation at the individuum level. These findings suggest the parental alleles inherited by P. formosa form tightly regulated genetic networks that lead to a stable transcriptomic landscape within clonal individuals.
2021-01-05 | GSE164222 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundThe presence of lymphoma in buffaloes was first reported in India in the 1960s. The disease is similar to Enzootic Bovine Leucosis (EBL) caused by Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) in cattle; however, according to our results and those of other studies, the etiology of these lymphomas in buffalo do not appear to be associated with BLV. The objectives of this study are to describe four cases of the disease in buffaloes belonging to the same herd in the Amazon region of Brazil and to perform a clinical-anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, and etiological study of the lymphomas.ResultsOver a period of ten years, four buffaloes were observed presenting progressive weight loss, swelling of peripheral lymph nodes, and nodules in the subcutaneous tissue. Upon necropsy, whitish-colored tumor masses were observed in the form of nodules in the subcutaneous tissue, along with miliary nodules on the serosal surfaces of abdominal and thoracic organs and tumors in lymph nodes and other organs. Neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation was observed through histopathology. An immunohistochemical study revealed that the neoplasias were formed by proliferation of predominantly B lymphocytes. The presence of BLV genome was not detected in the lymphomas when using the real-time PCR technique, nor was it detected through immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibodies against two viral proteins. Bovine herpesvirus 6 was not detected in the tumors. However, Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) was detected in samples of lymphoma and in the lymph nodes and kidneys of one of the animals.ConclusionsThe occurrence of lymphoma in buffaloes is reported for the first time in Brazil and is characterized by B-cell multicentric lymphoma. The etiology of the disease does not appear to be associated with BLV; however, the detection of BIV in samples of lymphoma from one sick animal deserves further study, considering the oncogenic potential of this virus.
| S-EPMC5072347 | biostudies-literature