Amyloid-β and tau aggregates are both necessary to induce novel Alzheimer’s disease stage-specific microglia subtypes
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ABSTRACT:
PROVIDER: PRJNA732698 | ENA |
REPOSITORIES: ENA
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Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by abnormal extracellular aggregates of amyloid-b and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated, tau tangles and neuropil threads. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for CNS homeostasis and implicated in AD pathology. In amyloid mouse models, a phagocytic/activated microglia phenotype has been identified. How increasing levels of amyloid-b and tau pathology affect human microglia transcriptional profiles is unknown. Here, we performed snRNAseq on 482,472 nuclei from non-demented control brains and AD brains containing only amyloid-b plaques or both amyloid-b plaques and tau pathology. Within the microglia population, distinct expression profiles were identified of which two were AD pathology-associated. The phagocytic/activated AD1-microglia population abundance strongly correlated with tissue amyloid-b load and localized to amyloid-b plaques. The AD2-microglia abundance strongly correlated with tissue phospho-tau load and these microglia were more abundant in samples with over tau pathology. This full characterization of human disease associated microglia phenotypes provides new insights in the pathophysiological role of microglia in AD and offers new targets for microglia-state-specific therapeutic strategies.
2021-02-20 | GSE148822 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss associated with accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in the brain, but how memory-processing neural circuits are differentially affected by each pathology remains unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptional vulnerability to single and concomitant Aβ and tau pathologies in 6-month-old transgenic mice expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP), Tau, or both (APP/Tau mice) in excitatory neurons. We identified differential and synergistic pathology-induced transcriptional responses in the hippocampus of AD transgenic mice. These findings support the idea that Aβ and tau pathologies exert synergistic effects to disrupt gene expression programs underlying vulnerability of memory neural circuits in AD.
2025-02-07 | GSE280199 | GEO
Project description:We report the isolation and sequencing of tau aggregates from [1] HEK293 cells expressing Tau-RD-P301S-CFP/YFP that have been seeded with preformed fibrils from the brain of P301S mice (B6-Tg(Thy1-MAPT*P301S)2541; referred to as Tg2541 mice). Tau aggregates were isolated by differential centrifugation followed by fluorescence automated particle sorting using a BD FACSaraia. We found that these tau aggregates were enriched for particular small non-coding RNAs, including snoRNAs and snRNAs. [2] the following mice: FvBB6F1-Tg(Camk2a-tTa),(tetO-MAPT*wt)21221 (referred to as rTg21221 or WT tau mice in the paper) and FvBB6F1-Tg(Camk2a-tTA)1Mmay, (tet)-tdTomato-Syp/EGFP)1.1Luo/J,(tetO-MAPT*P301L)4510 (referred to as rTg4510 or P301L mice in the paper). Briefly, tau aggregates were isolated by 1% sarkosyl extraction (to enrich for insoluble proteins) followed by immunoprecipitation of tau using the tau-12 antibody (see Methods section of associated paper for further details). We found that these tau aggregates were enriched for particular small non-coding RNAs, including snRNAs and some snoRNAs. [3] Sequencing of HEK293 tau biosensor cells with and without tau aggregates reveals evidence of significant splicing alterations. Specifically we observed an increase in intron retention events in cells that contain tau aggregates relative to cells without tau aggregates.
2021-04-06 | GSE148716 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau, but how memory and emotional neural circuits are disrupted by AD pathology remains unclear. Here, we investigated the transcriptional vulnerability of memory and emotional circuits to concomitant Aβ and tau pathologies in transgenic mice expressing mutant human amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Tau (APP/Tau mice) in excitatory neurons. At 9 months, we detected common and region-specific transcriptional responses in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA) of APP/Tau mice, including astrocytic, microglia and 63 AD-associated genes. These findings suggest that Aβ and tau pathologies disrupt region-specific gene expression programs underlying vulnerability of memory and emotional circuits to AD neuropathology.
2025-02-07 | GSE279050 | GEO
Project description:Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in Down syndrome (DS, trisomy 21) is commonly attributed to an increased dosage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene. To test this central tenet of the amyloid-cascade hypothesis we deleted the supernumerary copy of the APP gene in trisomic DS iPSC, or upregulated APP expression in euploid human pluripotent stem cell lines with dCas9-VP64, and subjected these lines to prolonged cortical neural differentiation. Our data reveal that increased APP gene dosage and expression is necessary and sufficient for increased beta-amyloid production and pyroglutamate(E3)-containing plaque deposition, but is neither sufficient nor required for tau hyperphosphorylation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, or increased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in neurons. Transcriptome comparisons of the isogenic neurons demonstrates that the supernumerary APP gene copy has profound temporally-modulated genome-wide effects on gene expression during differentiation and maturation of DS neuronal cultures that link APP function to regulation of genes involved in neuronal synaptic function and outgrowth of neuronal processes. Collectively, our data reveal that APP plays an important role in the amyloidogenic aspects of Alzheimer’s disease, but challenge the hypothesis that increased APP levels are solely responsible for hyperphosphorylation of tau or enhanced oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death in Down syndrome associated AD-pathogenesis.
2018-06-12 | GSE100680 | GEO
Project description:The two hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are A-amyloid- (A) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles marked by phosphorylated tau. There is compelling evidence that aggregating A drives tau accumulation, a process that involves synaptic degeneration leading to cognitive impairment. Conversely there is a growing realization that non-fibrillar (oligomeric) forms of Aβ mediate toxicity in AD. Using quantitative proteomics, we find that AD brain sarkosyl-insoluble pellets are greatly enriched with A at almost equimolar levels to N-terminal truncated microtubule binding region (MTBR) isoforms of tau with multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs). The extracted R3-R4 tau peptides are 100-fold higher compared to N-terminus intact tau peptides. Substantial proportions of site-specific phosphorylation at T181 (~ 22 %) and T217 (~ 16 %) along with other PTMs in the proline rich region (PRR) and MTBR indicate a regional susceptibility of PTMs in aggregated tau. Immuno-electron microscopy reveals that co-purified A and tau co-localize to globular non-filamentous aggregates.
2022-06-04 | PXD032389 | Pride
Project description:The two hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are A-amyloid- (A) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles marked by phosphorylated tau. There is compelling evidence that aggregating A drives tau accumulation, a process that involves synaptic degeneration leading to cognitive impairment. Conversely there is a growing realization that non-fibrillar (oligomeric) forms of Aβ mediate toxicity in AD. Using quantitative proteomics, we find that AD brain sarkosyl-insoluble pellets are greatly enriched with A at almost equimolar levels to N-terminal truncated microtubule binding region (MTBR) isoforms of tau with multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs). The extracted R3-R4 tau peptides are 100-fold higher compared to N-terminus intact tau peptides. Substantial proportions of site-specific phosphorylation at T181 (~ 22 %) and T217 (~ 16 %) along with other PTMs in the proline rich region (PRR) and MTBR indicate a regional susceptibility of PTMs in aggregated tau. Immuno-electron microscopy reveals that co-purified A and tau co-localize to globular non-filamentous aggregates.
2022-06-04 | PXD032372 | Pride
Project description:The templated misfolding of tau proteins accounts for tau pathology spread in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation at specific residues, are closely linked with tau seeding ability and clinical disease progression. This study investigates the role of astrocytes in tau spread, demonstrating that tau aggregates from post-mortem AD brain are internalized and processed by human astrocytes. Differences in tau internalization, clearance, and seeding were observed, potentially reflecting the molecular properties of tau. A direct relationship between tau handling by astrocytes and astrocyte responses was noted in transcriptomic data, highlighting dysregulated genes linked to pathological tau clearance pathways. To explore these differences, mass spectrometry was performed on both control and AD brain extracts, providing insights into the complex interplay between tau diversity and astrocyte responses in AD.
2025-05-07 | PXD056614 | Pride
Project description:Tau aggregates lead to progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Neuron death is one of the hallmarks of neurodegeneration.However, the pathological influence of neuronal death is undetermined, and the connection between Tau aggregates and neuronal death remains elusive. Here we demonstrated the essential role of neuron death in Tau-related neurodegeneration. Tau-neurons died in necroptosis, dependent on ZBP1 sensitized by Z-RNAs (an unusual left-handed conformation). Those endogenous Z-RNAs were transcripts of reactivated transposable elements (TEs) originally silenced in heterochromatin.
2023-11-22 | GSE248069 | GEO
Project description:Tau aggregates lead to progressive neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (ref). Neuron death is one of the hallmarks of neurodegeneration (ref). However, the pathological influence of neuronal death is undetermined, and the connection between Tau aggregates and neuronal death remains elusive. Here we demonstrated the essential role of neuron death in Tau-related neurodegeneration. Tau-neurons died in necroptosis, dependent on ZBP1 sensitized by Z-RNAs (an unusual left-handed conformation). Those endogenous Z-RNAs were transcripts of reactivated transposable elements (TEs) originally silenced in heterochromatin.
2023-11-22 | GSE248068 | GEO