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Role of BHLHE40 in shaping macrophage inflammatory response

ABSTRACT: Role of BHLHE40 in shaping macrophage inflammatory response

PROVIDER: PRJNA735219 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR14735548.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14735549.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14735550.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14735551.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14735552.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Role of BHLHE40 in shaping macrophage inflammatory response

Project description:BHLHE40 is a member of basic helix-loop-helix family transcription factors and highly conserved across mammalian species. Structurally, BHLHE40 consists of an N-terminal basic DNA binding domain, a helix-loop-helix dimerization domain, and a protein interacting orange domain. BHLHE40 is known to regulate a wide variety of essential cellular processes, including cell cycle, cellular proliferation, programmed cell death, cellular development and differentiation, and circadian rhythm. Here we isolated thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from 3 mice per group (Lyz2cre and Lyz2cre:BHLHE40Fl/Fl). These cells were stimulated with 100ng/ml LPS for 4 hours. Total RNA was isolated and subjected to RNAseq analyses.

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The transcription factor Bhlhe40 is a switch of inflammatory versus anti-inflammatory Th1 cell fate determination

Project description:Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells play a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens and in autoimmune diseases by producing a key inflammatory cytokine interferon (IFN)-γ; some Th1 cells can also be anti-inflammatory through producing IL-10. However, the molecular switch for regulating the differentiation of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory Th1 cells is still elusive. Here we show that Bhlhe40-deficient CD4 Th1 cells produced less IFN-γ but substantially more IL-10 than wild type Th1 cells. Bhlhe40-mediated IFN-γ production was independent of transcription factor T-bet regulation. Mice with conditional deletion of Bhlhe40 in T cells succumbed to Toxoplasma gondii infection and blockage of IL-10 signaling during infection rescued these mice from death. Thus, our results demonstrate that transcription factor Bhlhe40 is a molecular switch for determining the fate of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory Th1 cells.

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BHLHE40 regulates myeloid cell polarization through IL-10-dependent and independent mechanisms

Project description:Better understanding of the host responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections is required to prevent tuberculosis and develop new therapeutic interventions. The host transcription factor BHLHE40 is essential for controlling Mtb infection, in part by repressing Il10 expression, where excess IL-10 contributes to the early susceptibility of Bhlhe40-/- mice to Mtb infection. Deletion of Bhlhe40 in lung macrophages and dendritic cells is sufficient to increase the susceptibility of mice to Mtb infection, but how BHLHE40 impacts macrophage and dendritic cell responses to Mtb is unknown. Here we report that BHLHE40 is required in myeloid cells exposed to GM-CSF, an abundant cytokine in the lung, to promote the expression of genes associated with a pro-inflammatory state and better control of Mtb infection. Loss of Bhlhe40 expression in murine bone marrow derived myeloid cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF results in lower levels of pro-inflammatory associated signaling molecules IL-1b, IL-6, IL-12, TNFα, iNOS, IL-2, KC, and RANTES, as well as higher levels of the anti-inflammatory associated molecules MCP-1 and IL-10 following exposure to heat-killed Mtb. Deletion of Il10 in Bhlhe40-/- myeloid cells restored some, but not all, pro-inflammatory signals, demonstrating that BHLHE40 promotes pro-inflammatory responses via both IL-10-dependent and independent mechanisms. In addition, we show that macrophages and neutrophils within the lungs of Mtb-infected Bhlhe40-/- mice exhibit defects in iNOS production compared to infected WT mice, supporting that BHLHE40 promotes pro-inflammatory responses in innate immune cells, which may contribute to the essential role for BHLHE40 during Mtb infection in vivo.

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Microarray data for Bhlhe40-sufficient and -deficient resident macrophages

Project description:Most tissue-resident macrophage populations develop during embryogenesis, self-renew in the steady state, and can expand during type 2 immunity. Whether shared mechanisms regulate macrophage proliferation in homeostasis and disease is unclear. We found that the transcription factor Bhlhe40 was cell-intrinsically required in large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) for self-renewal and maintenance, but was not required in other resident macrophages. Bhlhe40 was selectively necessary in LPMs for proliferation, but not polarization, in response to IL-4. During a helminth infection, Bhlhe40 was required for normal LPM cell cycling. Bhlhe40 repressed the expression of Maf and Mafb and directly promoted expression of cell cycle-related transcripts to enable proliferation of LPMs. Genomic sites bound by Bhlhe40 in LPMs included some co-bound by the macrophage lineage-determining factor PU.1 and others uniquely bound by Bhlhe40, including Maf and cell cycle-related loci. Our findings demonstrate a tissue-specific control mechanism regulating resident macrophage proliferation in homeostasis and type 2 immunity.

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Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 transcription factors regulate alveolar macrophage self-renewal and identity

Project description:Tissues in multicellular organisms are ‘serviced’ by resident macrophages, which perform both generic and tissue-specific functions. The latter relies on unique tissue-specific molecular programs induced by signals from the microenvironment and executed through a combinatorial action of tissue-specific and broadly expressed transcriptional regulators. Here, we identify the transcription factors Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as novel regulators of alveolar macrophages (AMs) – a population that provides the first line of immune defense and executes homeostatic functions in lung alveoli. In the absence of these factors, AMs exhibited decreased proliferation that resulted in a severe disadvantage of knockout AMs in a competitive setting. Gene expression analyses revealed a broad cell-intrinsic footprint of Bhlhe40/Bhlhe41-deficiency manifested by a downregulation of AM signature genes and induction of signature genes of other macrophage lineages. Genome-wide characterization of Bhlhe40 DNA binding suggested that these transcription factors directly repress the expression of lineage-inappropriate genes in AMs. Taken together, these results identify Bhlhe40 and Bhlhe41 as key regulators of AM self-renewal and guardians of their identity.

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