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Population genomics of variegated toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus versicolor and its adaptation to the colorful sand of the Gobi Desert

ABSTRACT: Population genomics of variegated toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus versicolor and its adaptation to the colorful sand of the Gobi Desert

PROVIDER: PRJNA742052 | ENA |

REPOSITORIES: ENA

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			Action	DRS
	SRR14932294_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14932294_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14932295_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14932295_2.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz
	SRR14932296_1.fastq.gz	Fastqsanger.gz

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Project description:Background: Hypoxia, low temperature and intensive ultraviolet are three of the top ecological factors that restrict the survival of high altitude living organisms. Previous studies mainly focused on the adaption mechanisms of endothermic organisms rather than poikilotherm at high altitudes. In this work, we aimed to identify several candidate genes that may be related to high-altitude adaptation in poikilotherm by comparing the transcriptomes of Phrynocephalus vlangalii from different elevations. Results: We performed Illumina sequencing for the two populations, Madoi and Maqu, about 80 million sequence reads were obtained, respectively. A total of 60,725 and 49,638 transcripts for each population were generated by de novo assembly. We also identified 140 genes that have undergone strong positive selection (Ka/Ks>1) and 352 protein-coding genes that may have experienced potential positive selection (1≥Ka/Ks>0.5) after comparison to the orthologous transcripts. By considering their functions, among 140 genes with Ka/Ks>1, 11 genes were most possibly related to high altitude adaptation, including six genes related to hypoxia adaption, three genes associated with cold adaption, and two ultraviolet adaption related genes. In addition, fourteen genes that were associated with high altitude adaptation among 352 genes that may experience potential positive selection. Finally, we discovered similar gene expressions between the two populations, but different on all the unigenes and candidate genes (Ka/Ks>0.5).Conclusions: We preliminary studied the high altitude adaptation mechanisms of P. vlangalii. By comparing the two populations inhabiting different altitudes, we identified a series of candidate genes that may have promoted adaption for the high-elevation distributed population of P. vlangalii. And it is notable that the expression level of all the candidate genes was also relatively higher than all the unigenes. Thus, future research is necessary to better understand the impacts of these candidate genes on high altitude adaptation. We also found the evidence for convergent evolution on some genes between endothermic and poikilothemic species, but further research of ectotherm are requisite to better understand the complicated mechanisms of high altitude adaptation.

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Population genomics of variegated toad-headed lizard Phrynocephalus versicolor and its adaptation to the colorful sand of the Gobi Desert

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