Project description:IntroductionHalomonas hamiltonii is a Gram-negative, halophilic, motile, and nonspore-forming rod bacterium. Although most Halomonas sp. are commonly found in saline environments, it has rarely been implicated as a cause of human infection. Herein, the authors present a case report of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)-related peritonitis attributed to H hamiltonii.Case presentationAn 82-year-old male patient who had been receiving CAPD therapy presented to an emergency department with complaints of abdominal pain and cloudy dialysate that had persisted for 2 days. The peritoneal dialysate was compatible with CAPD peritonitis, with white blood cell count of peritoneal effluent of 810/mm and neutrophils predominated (60%). Two days after culture on blood agar medium, nonhemolytic pink mucoid colonies showed, with cells showing Gram-negative, nonspore-forming rods with a few longer and larger bacilli than usual were found. We also performed biochemical tests and found negative responses in K/K on the triple sugar iron test and H2S and equivocal (very weak) response in the motility test, but positive responses to catalase, oxidase, and urease tests. The partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of a bacterium detected by peritoneal fluid culture was utilized for a Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search, which revealed that the organism was H hamiltonii. Intraperitoneal antibiotics were administered for 21 days, and the patient was discharged without clinical problems.ConclusionWe present here the first case report of CAPD-related peritonitis caused by H hamiltonii, which was identified using molecular biological techniques. Although guidelines do not exist for the treatment of infections caused by this organism, conventional treatment for Gram-negative organisms could be effective.
Project description:BackgroundDecalepis hamiltonii (D. hamiltonii) is Indian folk medicine in herbal preparations, to reduce appetite, and cures dysentery, bronchitis, uterine hemorrhage, and other ailments.ObjectiveThe current investigation focused on the hepatoprotective effect of D. hamiltonii roots fractions against liver damage.Materials and methodsThe current research discussed the fraction from D. hamiltonii root extracts was used. Male Wistar rats (albino strain) were grouped into 4 distinct groups of six animals each. Group I: plain water and vehicle whereas Group II (CCl4 control): CCl4 (1 ml/kg, 20 % v/v in olive oil) over 7 days and vehicle; Over 7 days, Group III received Silymarin 100 mg/kg/day and tap water with 20 % v/v of CCl4, whereas Group IV (treatment group) received DHE 50 mg/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and water. Assessment of biochemical parameters, Mitochondrial modulation, gene expression analysis, and RT-PCR, was used to estimate the protective action of DHEF in CCl4-intoxicated rats.ResultsThe administration of CCl4 increased levels of total bilirubin (0.63 ± 0.97 mg/dl) plasma amino transferases (110.36 ± 1.13 U/L, 86.56 ± 2.41 U/L and 1.51 ± 1.36 mg/dl respectively) which were mitigated by D. hamiltonii treatment. Activity like Lipid peroxidation and content of nitric oxide also augmented, while the antioxidant action measured by GSH (9.64 ± 0.18 U/mg protein), SOD (3.69 ± 0.22 U/mg protein), and CAT (1.47 ± 0.01 U/mg protein) was reduced. Decalepis hamiltonii root provided substantial restoration of GSH (14.92 ± 0.04 nmol/gm protein), SOD (4.20 ± 0.18 U/mg protein), and CAT (2.71 ± 0.04 U/mg protein) levels. In addition, the acute phase reactants stimulated by CCl4 administration enhanced mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a, NF-κβ, and COX-2, which were enhanced by D. hamiltonii treatment.ConclusionsIn summary, DHEF protects the liver against CCl4-induced damage, possibly by mitochondrial modulation mechanism. These findings indicate that D. hamiltonii significantly moderates oxidative stress of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.
Project description:This study aimed to elucidate the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Thryssa hamiltonii (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae). The circular mitogenome is 16,737-bp-long, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region as observed in other vertebrates. The overall base composition is as follows: A, 30.69%; T, 24.86%; C, 28.17%; G, 16.29%; a slight A + T bias of 55.55%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16 species in family Engraulidae revealed that T. hamiltonii clustered in subfamily Engraulinae and is closely related to Lycothrissa crocodilus. The present data will contribute to future phylogenetic studies on members of family Engraulidae and conservation strategies for T. hamiltonii.
Project description:To explore the transcriptional control of phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP) involved in vanillin flavour metabolites production in tuberous roots of Decalepis hamiltonii, four PPP key genes expressed during the tuber development were identified and their mRNA expression profiles were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR. Flavour metabolite quantification by HPLC analysis confirmed 10, 170 and 500 µg/g 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde and 4, 20 and 40 µg/g vanillin in first- (3-month-old plant), second- (18-month-old plant) and third-stage tubers (60-month-old matured plant), respectively. The expression of all four genes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (DhPAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (DhC4H), caffeic acid-O-methyltransferase (DhCOMT) and vanillin synthase (DhVAN) increased with flavour development from first stage to second stage. A decrease in expression from 1.9-folds to 0.1-folds and 19.2-folds to 5.2-folds for DhCOMT and DhVAN was recorded for second stage to third stage, respectively. However, a gradual increase in expression of DhPAL (up to 26.4-folds) and a constant expression pattern for DhC4H (up to 7.1-folds) was evident from second stage to third stage of flavour development. The decrease in the expression levels of DhCOMT and DhVAN in third stage shows that the second-stage tubers are more transcriptionally active towards flavour biosynthesis.