Project description:Herbivory plant-parasite interactions depend on the delivery of effector molecules by the invading insect species. Sedentary gall forming insects, such as grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae FITCH, Phylloxeridae) secrete multiple effectors into host plant tissues that alter host cellular functions to the benefit of the insect. Analyses revealed 420 putative ‘DvEffectors’ were detected in salivary glands, dissected from root-feeding vs. starving D. vitifoliae larvae reared on Teleki 5C (V. berlandieri x V. riparia) under controlled growth conditions (25±3°C, 60% rH) by proteomic mass spectrometry and in-silico secretory prediction. Sixty-two conserved DvEffectors were shared with the aphid species A. pisum, M. persicae and R. padi including candidate effector proteins involved in feeding site establishment, plant defence suppression and nutrient uptake
Project description:Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, is a small, invasive, sap-sucking pest that is widely present in most viticulture regions all over the world. It is originally from North America and feeds on grapevine roots and leaves. In the current study, the potential distribution area of the leaf-feeding population was investigated with MaxEnt based on population occurrence data under different environmental variables. Results suggested that under current climatic conditions, Europe, East and North China, Japan, the Eastern USA, Uruguay, and the Southeast of South America are highly suitable areas for the occurrence of phylloxera leaf populations. The results showed that isothermality and precipitation of coldest quarter were major factors which contribute more than 60% of the model under current climate conditions. Our results provide important information for governmental decision makers and famers to develop control and management strategies against D. vitifoliae, and can also be used as a reference for studies on other invasive pest.