Project description:Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging and destructive tobamovirus. To elucidate its interaction with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), we performed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. Compared to mock-inoculated plants, we identified 4,477 differentially expressed genes and 91 differentially accumulated metabolites. Notably, L‑Histidine was significantly upregulated while the flavonol quercetin was downregulated in response to infection. Functional validation via exogenous application revealed that L‑Histidine enhanced the expression of defense-related genes and activated the ethylene signaling pathway, whereas quercetin treatment upregulated genes involved in the MAPK signaling cascade. Collectively, our integrated multi-omics analysis and functional validation reveal that L‑Histidine acts as a positive immune inducer while quercetin contributes to antiviral defense through distinct signaling pathways. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular basis of tomato-ToBRFV interaction and highlight potential targets for antiviral strategies.
2026-05-02 | GSE329489 | GEO
Project description:Characterization of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) isolates from tomato fields in Antioquia (Colombia)
| PRJNA1234317 | ENA
Project description:Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Nextstrain Build Version 4: Pathways of Introduction and Local Spread
Project description:Plant viruses cause widespread crop epidemics, with resistance (R) genes playing key roles in plant defense by triggering responses that limit viral replication and spread. However, given the diversity of plant cell types and their developmental paths, the specific roles of R genes in distinct cell types remain unclear. Using tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), which partially overcomes the tobamovirus resistance gene Tm-22, this study employed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore infection dynamics and Tm-22-mediated responses at the cellular level. Results indicated that upon ToBRFV infection, the Tm-22 gene and the tm-2 allele, which carries a recessive form of Tm-22, differentially regulate the composition of cell types in tomato leaves. Tm-22 does not fully inhibit viral entry or movement during the early stages but selectively restricts viral replication or accumulation in certain cell types. ToBRFV differentially modulates signaling pathways depending on cell type and genotype, including Tm-22 and tm-2 homozygotes. Pseudotime analysis revealed that during mesophyll cell development in Tm-22 plants, ToBRFV reverses expression of BR positive regulators, but not negative ones; silencing these BR positive regulators increased infection in Tm-22 plants while suppressing it in tm-2 plants, linking BR signaling to Tm-22-dependent resistance. This study offers the first cell-type-specific insight into R gene function, showing how Tm-22 restrains ToBRFV accumulation through BR signaling pathways. It provides a valuable framework for future single-cell investigations of resistance genes, enhancing our understanding of plant-virus interactions.