Project description:Wood is one of the most important and enormous biomass that is widely used in our life. It is formed by successive addition of secondary xylem that develops continuously from cambium. The transcriptome of nst1 nst3 âdouble-knockoutâ lines was examined to know the effect of mutations on wood formation. Experiment Overall Design: Total RNA was extracted from the base 4 cm part of inflorescence stems whose heights were between 12 and 17 cm of three independent nst1-1 nst3-1 double T-DNA tagged lines and the whole transcriptome was compared with that of wild-type plant.
Project description:Primary cell wall is an essential cell structure for plant playing major roles in plant growth, differentiation, and stress responses. Here we demonstrate that a group of AP2-ERF transcription factor regulates primary cell wall formation and can induce massive accumulation of it in empty fiber cell of the nst1-1 nst3-1 mutant lacking secondary cell wall in Arabidopsis. The transgenic plants expressing one of the AP2-ERF transcription factors fused with VP16 transcriptional activation domain under the control of NST3 promoter in the nst1-1 nst3-1 mutant showed similar level of cell wall contents with wild type by the massive accumulation of cell wall which lacks lignin and xylan. The transgenic plants showed 70% higher saccharification efficiency than wild type. Gene expression analysis using microarray revealed that genes related to primary cell wall were highly upregulated in the transgenic plant. Moreover, chimeric-activator of the AP2-ERF transcription factor accelerated cell wall regeneration of mesophyll protoplast of Arabidopsis while the chimeric-repressor retarded it. These data suggest that the group of AP2-ERF transcription factor is key regulator of the primary cell wall formation in plant and could be employed to produce massive cell wall with readily extractable feature.
Project description:Spatiotemporal control over developmental programs is vital to all organisms. Here we show that deficiency in cytokinin signaling or biosynthesis leads to early secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in Arabidopsis inflorescence stem that associates with precocious upregulation of a SCW transcriptional cascade controlled by NAC TFs (NSTs/VNDs). We demonstrate that cytokinin signaling through the AHK2/3 and the ARR1/10/12 suppresses the expression of several NSTs/VNDs and SCW formation in the apical portions of stems. Exogenous cytokinin application led to fast downregulation of NST1 and NST3 (NST1/3) and VND6/7 in the WT and reconstituted both proper development and apical-basal gradient of NST1/3 expression in a cytokinin biosynthesis-deficient mutant. We show that AHK2 and AHK3 required functional NST1 or NST3 to control SCW initiation in the interfascicular fibers, further evidencing that cytokinins act upstream of NSTs transcription factors. The premature onset of a rigid SCW biosynthesis and altered expression of NST1/3 and VND6/7 due to cytokinin deficiency led to the formation of smaller tracheary elements (TEs) and impaired hydraulic conductivity. We conclude that cytokinins downregulate NSTs to inhibit premature SCW formation in the apical part of the inflorescence stem, facilitating thus the development of fully functional TEs and interfascicular fibers.
Project description:Wood is one of the most important and enormous biomass that is widely used in our life. It is formed by successive addition of secondary xylem that develops continuously from cambium. The transcriptome of nst1 nst3 “double-knockout” lines was examined to know the effect of mutations on wood formation. Keywords: mutant vs wt comparison
Project description:As sessile organisms, plants require dynamic pathways in order to recognize pathogens and coordinate plant defenses by signalling. Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 is able to avoid triggering plant defenses prior to entering the cell, and therefore is only detected once infection has begun making Agrobacterium a plant pathogen to numerous plant species. Understanding plant responses to Agrobacterium will be useful in improving plant defenses and potentially may also improve plant transformation efficiency. Microarrays were utilized for detailing the global gene expression pattern in A. thaliana Col-0 roots in response to A. tumefaciens C58 for the identification of differentially expressed genes.