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We have performed a 28 days rat inhalation study according to the OECD TG 412 by exposing rats for 28 days to filtered air (sham), or to a low, medium, or high concentration of mainstream (MS) cigarette smoke (CS) from the Reference cigarette 3R4F in addition to MS CS from a prototypic modified risk...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inha...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inha...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic inflammatory diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). It is paramount to develop pharmacological interventions and delivery strategies against the cigarette smoke (CS) associated oxidative stress in COPD. This study in Wistar rats...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus Norvegicus 
Aiming to reduce smoking-related health risks, potential reduced risk products (pRRPs) are being developed. The Tobacco Heating System (THS) 2.2 is a recently developed pRRP, which utilizes the heat-not-burn principle. In this study, systems toxicology approaches were engaged to assess the respirato...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 
2016-12-13 | PXD003591 | Pride
The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inha...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 
2017-09-11 | PXD005959 | Pride
The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inha...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus (Rat) 
2017-09-11 | PXD006894 | Pride
While the toxicity of the main constituents of electronic cigarette (ECIG) liquids, nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), has been assessed individually in separate studies, limited data on the inhalation toxicity of them is available when in mixtures. In this 90-day subchron...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
Formaldehyde (FA), an endogenous cellular aldehyde, is a rat nasal carcinogen. In this study, concentration- and exposure-duration transitions in FA mode of action (MOA) were examined with pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling for tissue formaldehyde acetal (FAcetal) and glutathione (GSH) and with histopath...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
Modified-risk tobacco products (MRTP) are designed to reduce the individual risk of tobacco-related disease as well as population harm compared to smoking cigarettes. Experimental proof of their benefit needs to be provided at multiple levels in research fields. Here, we examined microRNA (miRNA) le...
ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus 
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