When in the closed form, the axial substrate translocation channel of the proteasome core particle (CP) is topologically blocked by the convergent N-termini of subunits. To probe the role of channel gating in mammalian proteasomes, we have deleted the N-terminal tail of 3. The resulting 3N proteaso...
Nanobody is one special type of single-domain antibody fragment with multiple advantages over traditional antibody. Our previous work established linear-double-stranded DNA (ldsDNA, or PCR amplicon) as novel biological parts for building AND gate genetic circuits in mammalian cells. During this AND-...
