Detection of biomarkers was extremely important for the early diagnosis, prognosis and therapy optimization of diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in serum metabolites between patients with heart failure (HF) and healthy controls (HC), and to diagnose HF qualita...

Gallstones are crystalline deposits in the gallbladder that are traditionally classified as cholesterol, pigment or mixed stones based on their composition. Microbiota and host metabolism variances among the different types of gallstones remain largely unclear. Here, the bile and gallstone microb...