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UnknownEfficient Culture of Human Naive and Memory B Cells for Use as APCs.
The ability to culture and expand B cells in vitro has become a useful tool for studying human immunity. A limitation of current methods for human B cell culture is the capacity to support mature B cell proliferation. We developed a culture method to support the efficient activation and proliferatio...
S-EPMC5111638 | biostudies-literature
UnknownGerminal center entry not selection of B cells is controlled by peptide-MHCII complex density.
B cells expressing high affinity antigen receptors are advantaged in germinal centers (GC), perhaps by increased acquisition of antigen for presentation to follicular helper T cells and improved T-cell help. In this model for affinity-dependent selection, the density of peptide/MHCII (pMHCII) comple...
S-EPMC5834622 | biostudies-literature
UnknownHIV-1 Consensus Envelope-Induced Broadly Binding Antibodies.
Antibodies that cross-react with multiple HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) are useful reagents for characterizing Env proteins and for soluble Env capture and purification assays. We previously reported 10 murine monoclonal antibodies induced by group M consensus Env, CON-6 immunization. Each demonstrated bro...
S-EPMC5564029 | biostudies-literature
UnknownMesenchymal stem cells induce tumor stroma formation and epithelial‑mesenchymal transition through SPARC expression in colorectal cancer.
Tumor‑stroma interactions serve a crucial role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), in which secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been implicated. Due to interactions between cancer and stromal cells [mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)], SPARC gene expression is markedly upr...
S-EPMC8072806 | biostudies-literature
UnknownUtility of TMPRSS4 as a Prognostic Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background

Transmembrane serine protease 4 (TMPRSS4) belongs to the family of type II transmembrane serine proteases that are known to be upregulated in many malignant tumors. However, there is a paucity of studies documenting the clinical impact and biological effects of TMPRSS4 on gastric ...
S-EPMC8821072 | biostudies-literature
UnknownImmunohistochemical analysis of SLFN11 expression uncovers potential non-responders to DNA-damaging agents overlooked by tissue RNA-seq.
DNA-damaging agents include first-line drugs such as platinum (cisplatin, carboplatin), topoisomerase inhibitors (etoposide, doxorubicin), and replication inhibitors (cytarabine, gemcitabine). Despite their wide and long usage, there is no clinically available biomarker to predict responses to these...
S-EPMC9175511 | biostudies-literature
UnknownActivation-induced cytidine deaminase expression and activity in the absence of germinal centers: insights into hyper-IgM syndrome.
Somatic hypermutation normally occurs as a consequence of the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) by Ag-activated, mature B cells during T cell-dependent germinal center responses. Nonetheless, despite their inability to express CD154 and initiate GC responses, patients with ty...
S-EPMC2779701 | biostudies-literature
UnknownImmune checkpoint modulation enhances HIV-1 antibody induction.
Eliciting protective titers of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is a goal of HIV-1 vaccine development, but current vaccine strategies have yet to induce bnAbs in humans. Many bnAbs isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals are encoded by immunoglobulin gene rearrangments with infrequent...
S-EPMC7031230 | biostudies-literature
UnknownAcetaldehyde forms covalent GG intrastrand crosslinks in DNA.
Carcinogens often generate mutable DNA lesions that contribute to cancer and aging. However, the chemical structure of tumorigenic DNA lesions formed by acetaldehyde remains unknown, although it has long been considered an environmental mutagen in alcohol, tobacco, and food. Here, we identify an ald...
S-EPMC6345987 | biostudies-literature
UnknownEnhanced cell survival and therapeutic benefits of IL-10-expressing multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells for muscular dystrophy.

Background

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are potentially therapeutic for muscle disease because they can accumulate at the sites of injury and act as immunosuppressants. MSCs are attractive candidates for cell-based strategies that target diseases with chronic inflammation, su...
S-EPMC7860619 | biostudies-literature
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