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Pro-inflammatory photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds immense potential to ignite robust and long-lasting systemic anti-tumor immune responses. However, the limited penetration depth of conventional ultra violet (UV)-visible irradiation and the tumor hypoxia microenvironment significantly constrain the ...

Background

There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis.

Methods

Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 1...

Background

End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection.

Metho...

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