Depression is an individual risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF). Recent studies show that gut microbiota and metabolites have critical role in comorbid HF and depressive symptoms. We recruited 95 subjects including 35 HF patients with depressive symptoms (HF-DS), 36...
Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota, but causality remains yet to be established. Here, using unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) as a mouse mod...