The ubiquitous CLC membrane transporters are the only transporter family known to exchange anions for cations. Despite extensive study, there is no model to completely explain the 2:1 Cl‒/H+ stoichiometric exchange mechanism. Here, we provide such a model. Using CLC-ec1, a bacterial homolog that has...
We report the genome changes associated with a Zymomonas mobilis sodium acetate-tolerant mutant (AcR). We used comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and genetics to show nhaA over-expression conferred sodium acetate (NaAc) tolerance in Z. mobilis. We observed a synergistic effect for sodium and ace...
