Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC) is a complex and clinically challenging chronic disorder characterized by bladder-centered symptoms, including persistent pelvic pain and urinary urgency frequency, with elusive pathogenesis involving poorly defined multi-system intera...
Hunner-type interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HIC) is a complex and clinically challenging chronic disorder characterized by bladder-centered symptoms, including persistent pelvic pain and urinary urgency frequency, with elusive pathogenesis involving poorly defined mult...
In recent years, with the deepening of research on intestinal microbiota, we found intestinal microbiota plays an important role in host immune regulation and barrier maintenance through cross-talk between the microbiota and the host. New evidence suggests that disruption of the fragile balance w...
Proteus mirabilis is a predominant cause of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), and a key virulence factor is its urease enzyme which hydrolyzes urea to ammonia. This process results in the formation of urinary stones, facilitating catheter blockage and bacteremia. The o...