Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis is a widely cultivated rhizomatous perennial woody plant known for producing the highly valued steroidal saponins. Steroidal saponins serve as the primary active component and exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects. However, the accumulation of secondary me...
With the global prevalence of Varroa mites, more and more beekeepers resort to confining the queen bee in a queen cage to control mite infestation or to breed superior and robust queen bees. However, the impact of such practices on the queen bee remains largely unknown. Therefore, we sub...