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UnknownPhage single-gene lysis: Finding the weak spot in the bacterial cell wall.
In general, the last step in the vegetative cycle of bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, is lysis of the host. dsDNA phages require multiple lysis proteins, including at least one enzyme that degrades the cell wall (peptidoglycan (PG)). In contrast, the lytic ssDNA and ssRNA phages have a single l...
S-EPMC6416421 | biostudies-literature
UnknownPhage lysis: do we have the hole story yet?
In infections of Gram-negative bacteria, lysis is a three step process, with a choice of two effectors for each step. At a precise, allele-specific time, the inner membrane (IM) is fatally permeabilized by either a holin or a pinholin. This allows a muralytic enzyme, either a canonical endolysin, es...
S-EPMC3848059 | biostudies-literature
UnknownMS2 Lysis of Escherichia coli Depends on Host Chaperone DnaJ.
The L protein of the single-stranded RNA phage MS2 causes lysis of Escherichia coli without inducing bacteriolytic activity or inhibiting net peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis. To find host genes required for L-mediated lysis, spontaneous Ill (insensitivity to Llysis) mutants ...
S-EPMC5446614 | biostudies-literature
UnknownSuppressor Analysis of the Fusogenic Lambda Spanins.
The final step of lysis in phage λ infections of Escherichia coli is mediated by the spanins Rz and Rz1. These proteins form a complex that bridges the cell envelope and that has been proposed to cause fusion of the inner and outer membranes. Accordingly, mutations that block spanin function are fou...
S-EPMC5487574 | biostudies-literature
UnknownLocalization and Regulation of the T1 Unimolecular Spanin.
Spanins are bacteriophage lysis proteins responsible for disruption of the outer membrane, the final step of Gram-negative host lysis. The absence of spanins results in a terminal phenotype of fragile spherical cells. The phage T1 employs a unimolecular spanin gp11 that has an N-terminal lipoylation...
S-EPMC6206483 | biostudies-literature
UnknownComplete Genome Sequence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans Myophage Mano.
Achromobacter spp. are ubiquitous Gram-negative bacteria, some of which can cause respiratory tract infections in patients with autoimmune disorders and cystic fibrosis. Bacteriophages have therapeutic and biotechnological potential to combat Achromobacter sp. infections. This announcement details t...
S-EPMC7849712 | biostudies-literature
UnknownGenetic Analysis of the Lambda Spanins Rz and Rz1: Identification of Functional Domains.
Coliphage lambda proteins Rz and Rz1 are the inner membrane and outer membrane subunits of the spanin complex-a heterotetramer that bridges the periplasm and is essential for the disruption of the outer membrane during phage lysis. Recent evidence suggests the spanin complex functions by fusing the ...
S-EPMC5295617 | biostudies-literature
UnknownPhage spanins: diversity, topological dynamics and gene convergence.

Background

Spanins are phage lysis proteins required to disrupt the outer membrane. Phages employ either two-component spanins or unimolecular spanins in this final step of Gram-negative host lysis. Two-component spanins like Rz-Rz1 from phage lambda consist of an integral inner membrane pro...
S-EPMC6139136 | biostudies-literature
UnknownRapid de novo evolution of lysis genes in single-stranded RNA phages.
Leviviruses are bacteriophages with small single-stranded RNA genomes consisting of 3-4 genes, one of which (sgl) encodes a protein that induces the host to undergo autolysis and liberate progeny virions. Recent meta-transcriptomic studies have uncovered thousands of leviviral genomes, but most of t...
S-EPMC7693330 | biostudies-literature
UnknownA viral protein antibiotic inhibits lipid II flippase activity.
For bacteriophage infections, the cell walls of bacteria, consisting of a single highly polymeric molecule of peptidoglycan (PG), pose a major problem for the release of progeny virions. Phage lysis proteins that overcome this barrier can point the way to new antibacterial strategies 1 , ...
S-EPMC5764540 | biostudies-literature
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