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Enhancer Decommissioning by LSD1 During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (expression)

ABSTRACT: Transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play important roles in programming and reprogramming of cellular states during development. Much is known about the role of these regulators in gene activation, but relatively little is known about the critical process of enhancer silencing during differentiation. Here we show that the H3K4/K9 histone demethylase LSD1 plays an essential role in decommissioning enhancers during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). LSD1 occupies enhancers of active genes critical for control of ESC state. However, LSD1 is not essential for maintenance of ESC identity. Instead, ESCs lacking LSD1 activity fail to fully differentiate and ESC-specific enhancers fail to undergo the histone demethylation events associated with differentiation. At enhancers, LSD1 is a component of the NuRD complex, which contains additional subunits that are necessary for ESC differentiation. We propose that the LSD1-NuRD complex decommissions enhancers of the pluripotency program upon differentiation, which is essential for complete shutdown of the ESC gene expression program and the transition to new cell states. This represents the expression part of the study.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Richard Young

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-27714 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Enhancer Decommissioning by LSD1 During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation (ChIP-seq)

Project description:Transcription factors and chromatin modifiers play important roles in programming and reprogramming of cellular states during development. Much is known about the role of these regulators in gene activation, but relatively little is known about the critical process of enhancer silencing during differentiation. Here we show that the H3K4/K9 histone demethylase LSD1 plays an essential role in decommissioning enhancers during differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). LSD1 occupies enhancers of active genes critical for control of ESC state. However, LSD1 is not essential for maintenance of ESC identity. Instead, ESCs lacking LSD1 activity fail to fully differentiate and ESC-specific enhancers fail to undergo the histone demethylation events associated with differentiation. At enhancers, LSD1 is a component of the NuRD complex, which contains additional subunits that are necessary for ESC differentiation. We propose that the LSD1-NuRD complex decommissions enhancers of the pluripotency program upon differentiation, which is essential for complete shutdown of the ESC gene expression program and the transition to new cell states. This is the ChIP-seq part of the study.

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Enhancer Decommissioning by LSD1 During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

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Master Transcription Factors and Mediator Establish Super-Enhancers at Key Cell Identity Genes

Project description:The master transcription factors Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog bind enhancer elements and recruit the Mediator co-activator to activate much of the gene expression program of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We report here that these ESC master transcription factors and Mediator form M-bM-^@M-^\super-enhancersM-bM-^@M-^] at most genes that are known to control the pluripotent state, including those encoding the master transcription factors themselves. These super-enhancers consist of extraordinarily large genomic domains occupied by exceptional amounts of Oct4 and Mediator. Super-enhancers stimulate considerably higher transcription than typical enhancers in reporter vectors. ESC differentiation causes preferential loss of expression of super-enhancer -associated genes. Super-enhancers are also found at key cell identity genes in differentiated cells. These results implicate super-enhancers in the control of mammalian cell identity and differentiation and suggest that these elements might generally be used to identify genes that control cell-type specific gene expression programs in many mammalian cells. ChIP-Seq and RNA-seq of Med1 in ZHBTc4 ES during treatment with doxycycline. ChIP-Seq data of Med1 in 38B9 pro-B cells.

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NuRD-interacting protein ZFP296 regulates genome-wide NuRD localization and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (ChIP-seq)

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