Human mesenchymal stem cells at 24 hours and 0.5% O2, gene expression and exon array, three independent biological replicates
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ABSTRACT: Multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source for autologous transplantation in many human diseases. To better realize their in vivo therapeutic potential, hypoxia preconditioning has become a novel strategy to improve the survival, migration, and angiogenic capability of MSCs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning on MSCs, we respectively used standard expression microarray and exon microarray to investigate the global profiling of gene expression and alternative splicing in hypoxia preconditioned-MSCs, and the detection sensitivity of differential gene expression using exon microarray and standard expression microarray was compared. A total of 414 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed using standard expression microarray, while only 72 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed using exon microarray, suggesting that standard expression microarray should be preferred if exclusively to detect changes in gene level. Our finding generated a global profiling of gene expression and alternative splicing which may be responsible for enhanced therapeutic effect of the hypoxia preconditioned-hMSCs. Our work provides a general framework for the systematic study of stem cell biology under clinically relevant pathophysiologic conditions Gene expression/alternative splicing in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) isolated from human bone marrow were measured after exposure to 0.5% O2 or 21% O2 for 24 hours using gene expression array/exon array. Three independent experiments were performed using different donors for each experiment for both gene expression array analysis and exon array analysis.
Project description:Multipotent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising cell source for autologous transplantation in many human diseases. To better realize their in vivo therapeutic potential, hypoxia preconditioning has become a novel strategy to improve the survival, migration, and angiogenic capability of MSCs. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of hypoxia preconditioning on MSCs, we respectively used standard expression microarray and exon microarray to investigate the global profiling of gene expression and alternative splicing in hypoxia preconditioned-MSCs, and the detection sensitivity of differential gene expression using exon microarray and standard expression microarray was compared. A total of 414 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed using standard expression microarray, while only 72 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed using exon microarray, suggesting that standard expression microarray should be preferred if exclusively to detect changes in gene level. Our finding generated a global profiling of gene expression and alternative splicing which may be responsible for enhanced therapeutic effect of the hypoxia preconditioned-hMSCs. Our work provides a general framework for the systematic study of stem cell biology under clinically relevant pathophysiologic conditions
Project description:The innate repair and regeneration potential of skeletal tissues such as the intervertebral disc and articular cartilage is extremely limited, in part due to their avascularity and low cell density. Despite recent advances in MSC-based disc and cartilage regeneration, key challenges remain, including the sensitivity of these cells to in vivo microenvironmental stress such as low oxygen and nutrient levels. The objective of this study was to investigate whether preconditioning with hypoxia and/or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) can enhance MSC survival and extracellular matrix production in a low oxygen and nutrient-limited microenvironment. Secondarily, the effects of donor variability on the response of MSCs to preconditioning was examined. MSCs from multiple bovine donors were preconditioned in monolayer in normoxia or hypoxia, with or without TGF-β. The effects of preconditioning on MSC gene expression during monolayer expansion were examined using microarrays.
Project description:We performed gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to fully characterize the gene regulation effect induced by exposure of MSCs to two hypoxic preconditioning methods. We determined the gene expression profile of 6 populations of human MSCs isolated from bone marrow and preconditioned for 6h in 2% O2 (hypoxia) or with 40μM Vadadustat (pseudohypoxia), compared to control cells cultured in 21% O2. There were 5 populations isolated from males and 1 population isolated from a female. The mean age of the BM-MSCs donors was 50.5 years and the median was 44 years. RNA-Sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform. For each library an average of 16 - 20 million read pairs were generated. Quality control checks of the sequencing raw data was conducted with FastQC, while adapter-trimming was performed with BBDUK2. The relative expression of transcripts were quantified for each donor using the Salmon program v0.8.1. Fastq files were mapped to the Homo_sapiens.GRCh37 reference genome using HISAT2 software version 2.1.0. The tximport pipeline was used to import transcript abundance datasets for the differential gene expression analysis for three groups: Control vs. Vadadustat, Control vs. Hypoxia and Vadadustat vs. Hypoxia by DESeq2 software version 1.14.1. Our results provide insight into the transcriptomic effects of these two methods of hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs.
Project description:Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the developing brain is a common cause of disability in children, and there are no effective treatments at this time. Exposure to sublethal hypoxic conditions (hypoxic preconditioning) 24 hours prior to hypoxic-ischemic insult is protective in the developing rat model. We have observed protective effects on brain histopathology and on long-term sensory-motor behavioral tasks. Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie this protective effect. By comparing gene expression in rats subjected to hypoxic preconditioning or sham conditioning at several time points from 0 to 24 hrs after preconditioning, we should gain insight into the mechanisms underlying these neuroprotective effects and may identify targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on global gene expression, and, in littermates, to examine the effect of hypoxic preconditioning 24 h prior to hypoxic-ischemic insult on brain histopathology. We hypothesize that changes in gene expression underlie the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning against subsequent hypoxic-ischemic insult. Gene expression will be examined in two groups, 1) preconditioned and 2) sham controls, at 4 time points. On postnatal day 6, preconditioned animals are exposed to normothermic hypoxia for 3 hrs (8.0% oxygen, 36 degrees C), and sham animals are simultaneouosly exposed to normoxia at 36 degrees C. Animals are then returned to their dams until euthanized at 4 time points (0h, 2h, 8h, and 24h later). Five brains/group/timepoint will be used, with an equal number of males and females in each group. Brains are removed and dissected on ice. Cerebral cortex is dissected from both hemispheres and rapidly frozen on dry ice. Total RNA is isolated using the QIAGEN RNeasy Protect Maxi Kit. Littermates of these animals will be exposed to hypoxic preconditioning or sham preconditioning and subjected to hypoxic-ischemic injury 24 h later. These animals are euthanized at postnatal day 14 for histopathologic evaluation of injury.
Project description:Thermal history plays a role in the response of corals to subsequent heat stress. Prior heat stress can have a profound impact on later thermal tolerance, but the mechanism for this plasticity is not clear. The understanding of gene expression changes behind physiological acclimatization is critical in forecasts of coral health in impending climate change scenarios. Acropora millepora fragments were preconditioned to sublethal bleaching threshold stress for a period of 10 days; this prestress conferred bleaching resistance in subsequent thermal challenge, in which non-preconditioned coral bleached. Using microarrays, we analyze the transcriptomes of the coral host, comparing the bleaching-resistant preconditioned treatment to non-preconditioned and control treatments. This experiment compared host gene expression of Acropora millepora across control, non-preconditioned, and preconditioned treatments. Fragments were sampled prior to preconditioning (Day 4), following 10 days of thermal preconditioning (Day 20), and after two (Day 23), four (Day 25), and eight days (Day 29) of 31M-BM-0C thermal challenge. The analysis implements 45 arrays, representing 5 sampling points of three treatments (n=3).
Project description:Fetal asphyctic (FA) preconditioning is effective in attenuating brain damage incurred by a subsequent perinatal asphyctic insult. Unraveling mechanisms of this endogenous neuroprotection, activated by FA preconditioning, is an important step towards new clinical strategies for asphyctic neonates. Genomic reprogramming is thought to be, at least in part, responsible for the protective effect of preconditioning. Therefore, we investigated whole genome differential expression in the preconditioned rat brain.
Project description:Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) are currently in clinical trials for a number of inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of MSCs to attenuate inflammation in rodent models of acute lung injury (ALI) suggesting that MSCs may also be beneficial in treating ALI. To better understand how human MSCs (hMSCs) may act in ALI, the lungs of immunocompetent mice were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 4 hr later bone marrow derived hMSCS were delivered by oropharyngeal aspiration (OA). Administration of hMSCs significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophil counts and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage. There was a concomitant reduction in pulmonary edema as indicated by a decrease in lung wet/dry weight ratio. The anti-inflammatory effects of hMSCs were not dependent on localization to the lung, as intraperitoneal administration of hMSCs also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in the lung. Microarray analysis revealed significant induction of TNF-α-induced protein 6 (TSG-6) expression by hMSCs 12 hr after OA delivery to LPS-exposed lungs. Knockdown of TSG-6 expression in hMSCs by RNA interference abrogated most of their anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, intra-pulmonary delivery of recombinant human TSG-6 reduced LPS-induced inflammation in the lung. These results show that hMSCs recapitulate the observed beneficial effects of rodent MSCs in animal models of ALI and suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of hMSCs in the lung are explained, at least in part, by activation of hMSCs to secrete TSG-6.
Project description:Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the developing brain is a common cause of disability in children, and there are no effective treatments at this time. Exposure to sublethal hypoxic conditions (hypoxic preconditioning) 24 hours prior to hypoxic-ischemic insult is protective in the developing rat model. We have observed protective effects on brain histopathology and on long-term sensory-motor behavioral tasks. Changes in gene expression are thought to underlie this protective effect. By comparing gene expression in rats subjected to hypoxic preconditioning or sham conditioning at several time points from 0 to 24 hrs after preconditioning, we should gain insight into the mechanisms underlying these neuroprotective effects and may identify targets for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of hypoxic preconditioning on global gene expression, and, in littermates, to examine the effect of hypoxic preconditioning 24 h prior to hypoxic-ischemic insult on brain histopathology. We hypothesize that changes in gene expression underlie the protective effect of hypoxic preconditioning against subsequent hypoxic-ischemic insult. Gene expression will be examined in two groups, 1) preconditioned and 2) sham controls, at 4 time points. On postnatal day 6, preconditioned animals are exposed to normothermic hypoxia for 3 hrs (8.0% oxygen, 36 degrees C), and sham animals are simultaneouosly exposed to normoxia at 36 degrees C. Animals are then returned to their dams until euthanized at 4 time points (0h, 2h, 8h, and 24h later). Five brains/group/timepoint will be used, with an equal number of males and females in each group. Brains are removed and dissected on ice. Cerebral cortex is dissected from both hemispheres and rapidly frozen on dry ice. Total RNA is isolated using the QIAGEN RNeasy Protect Maxi Kit. Littermates of these animals will be exposed to hypoxic preconditioning or sham preconditioning and subjected to hypoxic-ischemic injury 24 h later. These animals are euthanized at postnatal day 14 for histopathologic evaluation of injury. Keywords: time-course
Project description:ATAC-seq in human K562 erythroleukemia cells that were either unconditioned (s_uC and HSS_uC), preconditioned with a single heat shock exposure (s_pC), or preconditioned with multiple heat exposures (HSS_pC). After two day recovery from the preconditioning, during which the cells underwent two mitotic divisions, the cells were additionally subjected to a single heat shock to analyze heat-induced changes in chromatin accessibility in unconditioned versus preconditioned cells.
Project description:Preconditioning with a small dose of endotoxin confers unparalleled protection against otherwise lethal models of sepsis. The mechanisms of preconditioning have been investigated extensively in isolated immune cells such as macrophages. However, the role of tissue in mediating the protective response to preconditioning remains unknown. Using the kidney as a model organ, we identify the essential role of the renal epithelial cell in mediating the full expression of protective preconditioning. The protective phenotype is characterized by the clustering of macrophages around S1 segments of proximal tubules, which forms a functional unit mediating protection. To investigate the molecular pathways, we laser microdissected S1 segments from the following: 1) Non-preconditioned mice subjected to single-dose 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (0111:B4, LPS) intraperitoneally for 24 hours. 2) Preconditioned mice subjected to 0.25 mg/kg LPS followed 24 hour later by 5 mg/kg LPS (LPS/LPS). 3) Control mice (saline vehicle).