Project description:Prostate cancer discovery and translational research are hampered by a lack of preclinical models which accurately reproduce the biological heterogeneity observed in patients. Accordingly, we have established a bank of transplantable patient-derived prostate tumor xenograft lines, using subrenal capsule grafting of human tumor tissue into immuno-deficient mice. This panel includes the first lines generated from primary prostate cancer tissue, and also new lines from metastatic tissue. Critically, the lines retained salient features of the original patient tumors, including histopathology, clinical marker expression, chromosomal aberration and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, they span major histopathological and molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, capturing diverse inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Host castration led to the development of castrate-resistant tumors, including the first model of complete neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. This publicly-available resource provides novel tools to advance mechanistic understanding of disease progression and response to therapy, and delivers clinically-relevant model systems for evaluation of preclinical drug efficacy. 3 primary tumors and 22 xenograft tumors
Project description:Prostate cancer discovery and translational research are hampered by a lack of preclinical models which accurately reproduce the biological heterogeneity observed in patients. Accordingly, we have established a bank of transplantable patient-derived prostate tumor xenograft lines, using subrenal capsule grafting of human tumor tissue into immuno-deficient mice. This panel includes the first lines generated from primary prostate cancer tissue, and also new lines from metastatic tissue. Critically, the lines retained salient features of the original patient tumors, including histopathology, clinical marker expression, chromosomal aberration and gene expression profiles. Furthermore, they span major histopathological and molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, capturing diverse inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Host castration led to the development of castrate-resistant tumors, including the first model of complete neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. This publicly-available resource provides novel tools to advance mechanistic understanding of disease progression and response to therapy, and delivers clinically-relevant model systems for evaluation of preclinical drug efficacy. 3 primary tumors and 21 xenograft tumors
Project description:Next generation sequencing is making sequence-based molecular pathology and personalised oncology viable. We selected an individual initially diagnosed with conventional, but aggressive, prostate adenocarcinoma and sequenced the genome and transcriptome from primary and metastatic tissues collected prior to hormone therapy. The histology-pathology and genomic architecture were remarkably homogeneous, yet it was possible to determine the quadrant of the prostate tumour that likely seeded the metastatic diaspora. Despite a homogenous cell type, our transcriptome analysis revealed signatures of both luminal and neuroendocrine cell types. Remarkably, the repertoire of expressed but private gene fusions, including C15orf21:MYC, recapitulated this biology while the amplification and over expression of the stem cell gene MSI2 may have contributed to the stable hybrid cellular identity. This hybrid luminal-neuroendocrine tumour appears to represent a novel and highly aggressive case of prostate cancer with unique biological features and conceivably a propensity for rapid progression to castrate-resistance. Overall, this work highlights the importance of integrated analyses of genome, exome and transcriptome sequences for basic tumour biology, sequence-based molecular pathology, and personalized oncology. 5 samples
Project description:Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is proliferative, invasive, and untreatable. Its molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood but appears to require TP53 and RB1 aberration. In this study we modeled the development of NEPC from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma using a unique patient-derived xenograft and identified up-regulation of the placental gene PEG10. We found that the androgen receptor and the E2F/RB pathway dynamically regulate distinct post-transcriptional and post-translational isoforms of PEG10 at different stages of NEPC development. In vitro, PEG10 promoted cell cycle progression from G0/G1 in the context of TP53 loss, and regulated Snail expression via TGF-β signaling to promote invasion. Finally we show in vivo proof of principal using antisense oligonucleotide that PEG10 is a novel therapeutic target for NEPC. Six patient-derived xenograft tumors from the LTL331 xenograft lineage (PMID: 24356420; http://www.livingtumorcentre.com/) after differing lengths of time post-host castration. No replicates.
Project description:aCGH experiment on cell-free DNA collected from the plasma of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer. No replicates. castration-resistant prostate cancer vs male reference DNA
Project description:Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is proliferative, invasive, and untreatable. Its molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood but appears to require TP53 and RB1 aberration. In this study we modeled the development of NEPC from conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma using a unique patient-derived xenograft and identified up-regulation of the placental gene PEG10. We found that the androgen receptor and the E2F/RB pathway dynamically regulate distinct post-transcriptional and post-translational isoforms of PEG10 at different stages of NEPC development. In vitro, PEG10 promoted cell cycle progression from G0/G1 in the context of TP53 loss, and regulated Snail expression via TGF-? signaling to promote invasion. Finally we show in vivo proof of principal using antisense oligonucleotide that PEG10 is a novel therapeutic target for NEPC. 14 patient-derived xenograft tumors from the LTL331 xenograft lineage (PMID: 24356420; http://www.livingtumorcentre.com/) after differing lengths of time post-host castration. Three replicates present for days 1-3 post-host castration.
Project description:To study the role of SmcHD1 in regulating gene expression, we have stably knocked down SmcHD1 in HEK293 cells and looked at change in gene expression. shRNA3 and shRNA4 were used to target the expression of the SmcHD1 gene (Genbank Accession number NM_015295). The protein levels of SmcHD1 were knocked down in excess of 90% normal levels in 293 cells. shRNA NC5 a scrambled control shRNA and did not change SmcHD1 protein levels in 293 cells. Agilent single color 28004 was used on 9 Samples.
Project description:Clusterin (CLU) is a stress-activated molecular chaperone that confers treatment resistance to taxanes when highly expressed. While CLU inhibition potentiates activity of taxanes and other anti-cancer therapies in preclinical models, progression to treatment resistant disease still occurs implicating additional compensatory survival mechanisms. Taxanes are believed to selectively target cells in mitosis, a complex mechanism controlled in part by balancing antagonistic roles of Cdc25C and Wee1 in mitosis progression. Our data indicate that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C, which delays mitotic exit and hence sensitizes cancer cells to mitotic-targeting agents such taxanes. Unchecked Cdc25C activation leads to mitotic catastrophe and cell death unless cells upregulate protective mechanisms mediated through the cell cycle regulators Wee1 and Cdc2. In this study we show that CLU silencing induces a constitutive activation of Cdc25C via the phosphatase PP2A but leads to relief of negative feedback inhibition and activation of Wee1-Cdc2 to promote survival and limit therapeutic efficacy. Simultaneous inhibition of CLU-regulated cell cycle effectors, like PP2A and Wee1, may improve synergistic responses of biologically rational combinatorial regimens using taxanes and CLU inhibitors Biological triplicate of PC3 treated with siClusterin were compared to biological trplicate of PC3 treated with siScramblein
Project description:Treatment-induced neuroendocrine transdifferentiation (NEtD) complicates therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). We propose that NEtD requires first an intermediary reprogramming to metastable cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and showed that AR+/PSA+ PCa cell lines were efficiently reprogrammed to and maintained as CSCs by growth in androgen-free neural/neural crest (N/NC) stem medium. Such reprogrammed CSCs overexpressed stem genes, had features of N/NC stem cells, high tumor-initiating potential, resistance to anti-androgen and an EMT phenotype. Serum-containing mediums allowed re-differentiation to N-/NC-derived cell lineages or return back to PCa-like cancer cells. Once returned, the cells had increased resistance to androgen signaling inhibition. Finally, a 62-gene signature derived from reprogrammed PCa cell lines distinguished tumors from PCa patients with adverse outcomes. To compare gene expression between parental PCa cells and STM-reprogrammed cells (LNCaP, VCaP, CWR-22rv1 and LAPC4), RNAs from biological triplicate samples of parental cells and corresponding STM-reprogrammed cells (>14 days in STM) were extracted.