Transcriptomic analysis of Plasmodium PBANKA, PBSLTRiP-KO, PB268-KO parasite infected and uninfected host cell
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ABSTRACT: Liver stage of malaria parasite exports SLTRiP and PB268 to the cytosol of parasite infected host cell. To know the host genes perturbed by WT-PBANKA, SLTRiP-KO and PB268-KO parasite growth, we did transcriptomic sequencing of infected host cells. We did mRNA sequencing of four samples for comparative analysis of WT and PB-knockout parasites infected host cells at 22 hours of post sporozoites infection. mRNA profiles of Plasmodium PBANKA, PBSLTRiP-KO, PB268-KO parasite infected and uninfected HepG2 cells after 22hrs of sporozoites infections were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina GAIIx.
Project description:Liver stage of malaria parasite exports SLTRiP and PB268 to the cytosol of parasite infected host cell. To know the host genes perturbed by WT-PBANKA, SLTRiP-KO and PB268-KO parasite growth, we did transcriptomic sequencing of infected host cells. We did mRNA sequencing of four samples for comparative analysis of WT and PB-knockout parasites infected host cells at 22 hours of post sporozoites infection.
Project description:MalariaM-bM-^@M-^Ys cycle of infection requires parasite transmission between a mosquito vector and a vertebrate host. Plasmodium regulates transmission by translationally repressing specific mRNAs until their products are needed. We demonstrate that the Plasmodium yoelii Pumilio-FBF family member Puf2 allows the sporozoite to retain its infectivity in the mosquito salivary glands while awaiting transmission. Puf2 mediates this critical feature solely through its RNA-Binding Domain (RBD) likely by protecting and silencing specific mRNAs. Puf2 storage granules are distinct from stress granules and P-bodies and dissolve rapidly after infection of hepatocytes, likely releasing the protected and silenced transcripts for M-bM-^@M-^Xjust-in-timeM-bM-^@M-^Y translation by early exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs). Further corroborating this model, pypuf2- sporozoites have no apparent defect in host infection early after invading the salivary glands, but become progressively noninfectious and subsequently prematurely transform into EEFs during prolonged salivary gland residence. In contrast, the premature overexpression of Puf2 in oocysts causes striking deregulation of sporozoite maturation, resulting in fewer oocyst sporozoites that are non-infectious and unable to colonize the salivary glands. Maintenance of Puf2 expression in liver stage parasites produces no phenotype, suggesting that a window of permissive expression exists. Finally, by conducting the first comparative RNAseq analysis of Plasmodium sporozoites, we have uncovered that Puf2 may play a role in both the protection of specific transcripts as well as RNA turnover via the CCR4/Not complex. These findings uncover requirements for maintaining a window of opportunity for the malaria parasite to accommodate the unpredictable moment of transmission from mosquito to vertebrate host. Wild-type (Py17XNL) and pypuf2 -salivary gland sporozoites
Project description:We show that an ongoing malaria blood stage infection impairs the establishment of Plasmodium sporozoites in hepatocytes and that secondary infections can only be established after a previous infection has been cleared from circulation. Using control mice, mice infected with sporozoites only, mice infected by iRBCs only or mice reinfected, we show that this impairment is not due to an effect of the acquired host immune response or to a decrease in host cell survival. Instead, an ongoing blood stage infection leads to a significant increase in the expression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that is secreted by the liver and controls body iron homeostasis. A rapid increase of hepcidin levels during blood stage infection causes sequestration of iron in storage forms within cells of reticuloendothelial system decreasing its availability in hepatocytes, where it is required for Plasmodium sporozoite establishment.
Project description:Systemic injection of salivary glands P. berghei ANKA GFP-sporozoites into IFNAR-/- mice or salivary glands extracts from non-infected mosquitoes into wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Data obtained were compared with part of hybridizations from experiment E-TABM-839
Project description:In the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, we found that an AP2 family transcription factor designated AP2-L plays a critical role in the development of the liver stage. Using DNA microarray analysis we showed that the expression of several genes, including those of parasitophorous vacuole membrane proteins, was significantly decreased in the early liver stage of AP2-L-depleted parasites. Gene expression of P. berghei sporozoites was compared between wild type and AP2-G KO parasites. Five biologically independent experiments were performed for each genotype.
Project description:mRNA Transcripts expression profile of Plasmodium berghei infected host HepG2 cells with and without SUMO1 over expression. To check the changes in the transcript profiles upon SUMO1 over expression which is responsible for Plasmodium berghei parasite's growth arrest in host HepG2 cells. Agilent one-color experiment, Organism: Homo sapiens, Custom Agilent 8x60k Human Whole Genome Microarray Gene expression (AMADID: 039494), Labeling kit: Agilent Quick-Amp labeling Kit (p/n5190-0442).
Project description:Sporozoites and merozoites share a number of proteins that are expressed by both stages, including the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and the Rhoptry Neck Proteins (RONs). Although AMA1 and RONs are essential for merozoite invasion of erythrocytes during asexual blood stage replication of the malaria parasite, their precise function in sporozoites is unclear. Here we performed RFP-trap immunoprecipitation experiments using lysates from transgenic sporozoites expressing RON4 fused to mCherry. RON4, RON2, RON5 and AMA1 were the main proteins identified by mass spectrometry among co-precipitated proteins, showing that AMA1-RON interactions are conserved in salivary gland sporozoites.
Project description:Salivary gland sporozoites of the malaria parasite Plasmodium express a major surface coat protein, CSP. The N-terminus of this protein is hypothesized to be enzymatically processed, revealing a Gln residue which is then enzymatically converted pyro-Glu. We analyzed P. falciparum salivary gland sporozoites, recombinant PfCSP, and synthetic peptides in order to characterize this cleavage site and its conversion.
Project description:After entering their mammalian host via the bite of an Anopheles mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate to the liver where they traverse several hepatocytes before invading the one inside which they will develop and multiply into thousands of merozoites. Although this constitutes an essential step in malaria infection, the requirements of Plasmodium parasites in liver cells and how they use the host cell for their own survival and development are poorly understood. To gain new insights into the molecular host-parasite interactions that take place during malaria liver infection, we have used high-throughput microarray technology to determine the transcriptional profile of P. yoelii-infected hepatocytes that were collected from P. yoelii-infected mice 24 and 40 h after infection. This in vivo microarray expression was compared with the microarray analysis of in vitro infected hepatoma cells infected with closely related rodent malaria parasite P. berghei. Differential expression patterns for host genes identify genes and pathways involved in the host response to rodent Plasmodium parasites. Keywords: gene expression Total RNA from sorted liver stage (LS) infected hepatocytes were isolated from PyGFP-infected BALB/c mice as described in Tarun et al (2008). RNA from LS-infected hepatocytes were isolated at two time points post-infection (pi): 24 hr pi (LS24) and 40 hr pi (LS40). As control, RNA from hepatocytes isolated from mock-infected mice (infected with salivary gland extract) at the same time points was also isolated following the same procedure. Total RNA was then subjected to two rounds of linear amplification using the Amino Allyl Message Amp II aRNA Amplification Kit (Ambion) according to manufaturerâs directions. The quality of total and amplified RNAs were examined with the Agilent 2100 BioanalyzerTM (Agilent Technologies) and the quantity of the RNA samples was assessed using a Nanodrop ND-1000 spectrophotometer prior to microarray hybridization. For each timepoint two independent biological replicates were obtained.
Project description:After entering their mammalian host via the bite of an Anopheles mosquito, Plasmodium sporozoites migrate to the liver where they traverse several hepatocytes before invading the one inside which they will develop and multiply into thousands of merozoites. Although this constitutes an essential step in malaria infection, the requirements of Plasmodium parasites in liver cells and how they use the host cell for their own survival and development are poorly understood. To gain new insights into the molecular host-parasite interactions that take place during malaria liver infection, we have used high-throughput microarray technology to determine the transcriptional profile of P. yoelii-infected hepatocytes that were collected from P. yoelii-infected mice 24 and 40 h after infection. This in vivo microarray expression was compared with the microarray analysis of in vitro infected hepatoma cells infected with closely related rodent malaria parasite P. berghei. Differential expression patterns for host genes identify genes and pathways involved in the host response to rodent Plasmodium parasites. Keywords: gene expression