Project description:Nervous system (NS) development relies on coherent up-regulation of extensive sets of genes in a precise spatiotemporal manner. How such transcriptome-wide effects are orchestrated at the molecular level remains an open question. Here we show that 3’-untranslated regions (3’UTRs) of multiple neuronal transcripts contain A/U-rich cis-elements (AREs) recognized by tristetraprolin (TTP/Zfp36), an RNA-binding protein previously reported to destabilize mRNAs encoding predominantly cytokines, growth factors and proto-oncogenes. We further demonstrate that the efficiency of ARE-dependent mRNA degradation declines during neural differentiation due to a decrease in the TTP protein expression mediated by the NS-enriched microRNA miR-9. Our experiments with transgenenic cell lines suggest that TTP down-regulation is essential for proper neuronal differentiation. Moreover, inactivation of TTP in neuroblastoma cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts induces major changes in their transcriptomes accompanied by significantly elevated expression of NS-specific genes. We conclude that the newly identified miR-9/TTP circuitry limits unscheduled accumulation of neuronal mRNAs in non-neuronal cells and ensures coordinated up-regulation of these transcripts in neurons. 3'READS of undifferentiated and 3.5-day differentiated P19 cells
Project description:Muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease causing selective motor neuron death by the loss of telomeric survival motor neuron gene, SMN1. Axonal SMN, a-SMN, is a truncated form of SMN, derived from an alternatively spliced SMN1 gene. (Setola, et. al. 2007 PNAS 104, 1959-1964). The cellular clones expressing a-SMN in a tetracycline-dependent manner were isolated from NSC34 by two-step stable transfection, first with the tetracycline-repressor construct and subsequently with the a-SMN cDNA. To identify novel a-SMN target genes, the transcriptome of several a-SMN clones was analyzed and compared with that of parental cells.
Project description:Mouse 129-B13 ESCs were genetically modified using CRISPR-Cas9 with two guides to remove exon 5 of Phf14, single-cell sorted and expanded to establish modified cell lines (2). Samples were differentiated from mouse ESCs (Day 0) to embryoid bodies (Day 4), neural progenitor cells (Day 8) and glutamatergic neurons (Day 12). Additionally, the parental 129-B13 ESC wild-type cells were split into two and differentiated separately as controls. NEBNext Poly(A) mRNA Magnetic Isolation Module was used to enrich mRNA. Nonsense-mediated decay was observed in Phf14 ex 5 KOs and no Phf14 protein expression was detected by western blot in these cells.
Project description:As previously reported (Neuroscience letters 444(2008)127-131), we established embryonic carcinoma P19 cell line expressing the intracellular domain of APP (AICD). Although neurons could be differentiated from these cell lines with RA treatment, expression of AICD gave rise to neuron-specific apoptosis. To identify the genes that are involved in this cell death, we evaluated changes of gene expressions that was induced by AICD through this process of cell death. The expression profiles of almost forty thousands transcripts were monitored by DNA microarrays. AICD-expressing P19 cell lines (AICD/P19) and control P19 cell lines (pCDNA/P19) that carry vector alone were used and cultured. To induce neural differentiation of these P19 cell lines, cells were allowed to aggregate in culture medium with 5×10-7 M all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) for 4 days (aggregated state). After aggregation, cells were replated onto cell culture grade dishes or poly-L-Lysine coated cell-disks for two days (differentiated state). RNAs were isolated at each states.
Project description:To isolate neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), forebrains of E13.5 Miz1+/+ or Miz1-delta-POZ embryos were cut in small pieces, digested with trypsin and filtered through sterile gauze. Cells were cultivated in 2:1 DMEM/F12 supplemented with 1xB27 (Life technologies), 20 ng/ul EGF (Biomol), 20 ng/?l basic FGF (Biomol), 1 ug/ml fungizone (Gibco) and Penicillin/Streptomycin (PAA). NPCs were passaged every seven days. RNA expression of different genotypes was compared in sec. and quart. neurospheres.
Project description:Mouse WT129 ESCs were differentiated into glutamatergic neurons and samples were collected at days 0 (mESCs), 4 (embryoid bodies), 8 (neuronal precursors) and 12 (neurons). These are RNA-seq data to profile RNA expression during differentiation.
Project description:Mouse 129-B13 ESCs were genetically modified using CRISPR-Cas9 with two guides to remove exon 4 of Rai1, single-cell sorted and expanded to establish modified cell lines. Additionally, cell lines derived from unsuccessfully modified lines were used as "wild-type" controls. 3 lines of each group were used as biological replicates. Samples were differentiated from mouse ESCs (Day 0) to neural progenitor cells (Day 8) and glutamatergic neurons (Day 12). NEBNext Poly(A) mRNA Magnetic Isolation Module was used to enrich mRNA. Nonsense-mediated decay was not observed in Rai1 ex 4 KOs.
Project description:Study to investigate the role of histone residues H3K4 and H3K36 for gene expression, histone localization and neuronal lineage specification by mutation of K4 and K36 in H3.3 to alanine. Histone variant H3.3 differs from the canonical H3.1/H3.2 by only 4 to 5 amino acids, which are necessary for nucleosome assembly independent of DNA replication, and is encoded by two gene copies. Complete loss of the two H3.3 genes (H3f3a and H3f3b) leads to embryonic lethality while single gene knockout yields viable mice. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to delete H3f3a and introduce homozygous point-mutations into H3f3b, thus ensuring that the entire pool of H3.3 protein carries the mutation of interest. We differentiated H3.3ctrl (H3f3a knock-out; H3f3b wild type), H3.3K4A mutant (H3f3a knock-out; H3f3b K4A) and H3.3K36A mutant (H3f3a knock-out; H3f3b K36A) ESCs into glutamatergic neurons. Gene expression profiles were measured by mRNA-Sequencing in undifferentiated ESCs (D0), neurodevelopment (D8) and differentiated neurons (D12) to assess the impact of the mutation on gene expression and development.
Project description:Kabuki Syndrome (KS) is a multisystemic rare disorder, characterized by growth delay, distinctive facial features, intellectual disability, and rarely autism spectrum disorder. This condition is mostly caused by de novo mutations of KMT2D, encoding a catalytic subunit of the COMPASS complex involved in enhancer regulation. KMT2D catalyzes the deposition of histone-3-lysine-4 mono-methyl (H3K4Me1) that marks active and poised enhancers. To assess the impact of KMT2D mutations in the chromatin landscape of KS tissues, we have generated patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), which we further differentiated into neural crest stem cells (NCSC), mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and cortical neurons (iN). In addition, we further collected blood samples from 5 additional KS patients. To complete our disease modeling cohort we generated an isogenic KMT2D mutant line from human embryonic stem cells, which we differentiated into neural precursor and mature neurons. Micro-electrode-array (MEA)-based neural network analysis of KS iNs revealed an altered pattern of spontaneous network-bursts in a Kabuki-specific pattern. RNA-seq profiling was performed to relate this aberrant MEA pattern to transcriptional dysregulations, revealing that dysregulated genes were enriched for neuronal functions, such as ion channels, synapse activity, and electrophysiological activity. Here we show that KMT2D haploinsufficiency tends to heavily affect the transcriptome of cortical neurons and differentiated tissues while sparing multipotent states, suggesting that KMT2D has a most prevalent role in terminally differentiated cell and activate transcriptional circuitry unique to each cell type. Moreover, thorough profiling of H3K4Me1 unveiled the almost complete uncoupling between this chromatin mark and the regulatory effects of KMT2D on transcription, which is instead reflected by a defect of H3K27Ac. By integrating RNA-seq with ChIP-seq data we defined TEAD and REST as the master effectors of KMT2D haploinsufficiency. Also, we identified a subset of genes whose regulation is controlled by the balance between KMT2D and EZH2 dosage. Finally, we identified the bona fide direct targets of KMT2D in healthy and KS mature cortical neurons and TEAD2 as the main proxy of KMT2D dysregulation in KS. Overall, our study provides the transcriptional and epigenomic characterization of patient-derived tissues as well as iPSCs and differentiated disease-relevant cell types, as well as the identification of KMT2D direct target in cortical neurons, together with the identification of a neuronal phenotype of the spontaneous electrical activity.
Project description:To investigate whether Rbfox3 could alter the expression level of miRNAs during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells, we performed miRNA microarray analysis using the RNAs extracted from untreated (undifferentiated) P19-GFP, RA-treated (neuronally differentiated) P19-GFP, or RA-treated P19-T2 cells. Total 9 samples were analyzed. We compared expression levels of P19-GFP (-) vs P19-GFP (+) vs P19-T2 (+) to identify miRNAs which had changes in expression levels with p < 0.01. From this miRNA list, we compared among P19-GFP (-) vs P19-GFP (+) vs P19-T2 (+) to identify the miRNAs which appeared to correlate with Rbfox3 expression.