Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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A novel dominant glossy mutation causes suppression of wax biosynthesis pathway and deficiency on cuticular wax in Brassica napus

ABSTRACT: The present study reports the genetic and biochemical characterization of a dominant glossy mutant allele (BnaA. GL) in B. napus that results in a glossy phenotype. Results from transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the GL mutant exhibits reduced deposition of the cuticle layer, which was confirmed by a cuticular wax analysis. The wax compositional analysis revealed an increase in aldehydes but a severe decrease in alkanes, ketones and secondary alcohols. Genetic mapping narrowed the BnaA. GL gene to the end of A9 chromosome, where a gene homologous to ECERIFERUM1 (CER1) in Arabidopsis locates.

Then, we conducted a microarray analysis to find the differentially expressed genes between normal phenotype and glossy plants. Two comparisons were performed: wild type parent VS. the GL parent, and the bulked normal phenotype DH lines VS. the bulked glossy DH lines. The DH lines are generated from F1 plants of two parents, and RNA samples from three DH lines were combined to make a bulked sample for each phenotype.

Although no discernible mutation was apparent in the B. napus gene, this cDNA microarray chip assay revealed coordinated down regulation of genes encoding enzymes of the cuticular wax biosynthetic in the glossy mutant with BnCER1 being one of the most severely suppressed genes.

ORGANISM(S): Brassica napus

SUBMITTER: Jie Gao

PROVIDER: E-MEXP-3989 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Social insects, such as honey bees, use molecular, physiological and behavioral responses to combat pathogens and parasites. The honey bee genome contains all of the canonical insect immune response pathways, and several studies have demonstrated that pathogens can activate expression of immune effectors. Honey bees also use behavioral responses, termed social immunity, to collectively defend their hives from pathogens and parasites. These responses include hygienic behavior (where workers remove diseased brood) and allo-grooming (where workers remove ectoparasites from nestmates). We have previously demonstrated that immunostimulation causes changes in the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of workers, which results in altered worker-worker social interactions. Thus, cuticular hydrocarbons may enable workers to identify sick nestmates, and adjust their behavior in response. Here, we test the specificity of behavioral, chemical and genomic responses to immunostimulation by challenging workers with a panel of different immune stimulants (saline, Sephadex beads and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli). RESULTS: While only bacteria-injected bees elicited altered behavioral responses from healthy nestmates compared to controls, all treatments resulted in significant changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles. Immunostimulation caused significant changes in expression of hundreds of genes, the majority of which have not been identified as members of the canonical immune response pathways. Furthermore, several new candidate genes that may play a role in cuticular hydrocarbon biosynthesis were identified. Finally, we identified common genes regulated by pathogen challenge in honey bees and other insects, suggesting that immune responses are conserved at the molecular level. CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that honey bee genomic responses to immunostimulation are substantially broader than expected, and may mediate the behavioral changes associated with social immunity by orchestrating changes in chemical signaling.

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A novel dominant glossy mutation causes suppression of wax biosynthesis pathway and deficiency on cuticular wax in Brassica napus

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