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Physiological importance and role of Mg²⁺ in improving bacterial resistance to cesium.

ABSTRACT: Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as ¹³⁷Cs and ¹³⁴Cs. ¹³⁷Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant. Radioactive contamination remediation using microorganisms has been the focus of numerous studies. We investigated the mechanism underlying Cs⁺ resistance in Microbacterium sp. TS-1 and other representative microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis. The addition of Mg²⁺ effectively improved the Cs⁺ resistance of these microorganisms. When exposed to high concentrations of Cs⁺, the ribosomes of Cs⁺-sensitive mutants of TS-1 collapsed. Growth inhibition of B. subtilis in a high-concentration Cs⁺ environment was because of a drastic decrease in the intracellular potassium ion concentration and not the destabilization of the ribosomal complex. This is the first study demonstrating that the toxic effect of Cs⁺ on bacterial cells differs based on the presence of a Cs⁺ efflux mechanism. These results will aid in utilizing high-concentration Cs⁺-resistant microorganisms for radioactive contamination remediation in the future.

SUBMITTER: Ishida Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10321302 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Physiological importance and role of Mg2+ in improving bacterial resistance to cesium.

Ishida Yoshiki Y Zhang Chongkai C Satoh Katsuya K Ito Masahiro M

Frontiers in microbiology 20230621

Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as 137Cs and 134Cs. 137Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant. Radioactive contamination remediation using microorganisms has been the focus of numerous studies. We investigated the mechanism underlying Cs+ resistance in Microbacterium sp. TS-1 and other representative microorganisms, including Bacillus subtilis. The addition of Mg ...[more]

PMID: 37415808

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Project description:Aims/hypothesisThe blood triacylglycerol level is one of the main determinants of blood Mg2+ concentration in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Hypomagnesaemia (blood Mg2+ concentration <0.7 mmol/l) has serious consequences as it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and accelerates progression of the disease. This study aimed to determine the mechanism by which triacylglycerol levels affect blood Mg2+ concentrations.MethodsUsing samples from 285 overweight individuals (BMI >27 kg/m2) who participated in the 300-Obesity study (an observational cross-sectional cohort study, as part of the Human Functional Genetics Projects), we investigated the association between serum Mg2+ with laboratory variables, including an extensive lipid profile. In a separate set of studies, hyperlipidaemia was induced in mice and in healthy humans via an oral lipid load, and blood Mg2+, triacylglycerol and NEFA concentrations were measured using colourimetric assays. In vitro, NEFAs harvested from albumin were added in increasing concentrations to several Mg2+-containing solutions to study the direct interaction between Mg2+ and NEFAs.ResultsIn the cohort of overweight individuals, serum Mg2+ levels were inversely correlated with triacylglycerols incorporated in large VLDL particles (r = -0.159, p ≤ 0.01). After lipid loading, we observed a postprandial increase in plasma triacylglycerol and NEFA levels and a reciprocal reduction in blood Mg2+ concentration both in mice (Δ plasma Mg2+ -0.31 mmol/l at 4 h post oral gavage) and in healthy humans (Δ plasma Mg2+ -0.07 mmol/l at 6 h post lipid intake). Further, in vitro experiments revealed that the decrease in plasma Mg2+ may be explained by direct binding of Mg2+ to NEFAs. Moreover, Mg2+ was found to bind to albumin in a NEFA-dependent manner, evidenced by the fact that Mg2+ did not bind to fatty-acid-free albumin. The NEFA-dependent reduction in the free Mg2+ concentration was not affected by the presence of physiological concentrations of other cations.Conclusions/interpretationThis study shows that elevated NEFA and triacylglycerol levels directly reduce blood Mg2+ levels, in part explaining the high prevalence of hypomagnesaemia in metabolic disorders. We show that blood NEFA level affects the free Mg2+ concentration, and therefore, our data challenge how the fractional excretion of Mg2+ is calculated and interpreted in the clinic.

Dataset Information

Physiological importance and role of Mg²⁺ in improving bacterial resistance to cesium.

Publications

Physiological importance and role of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in improving bacterial resistance to cesium.

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