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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens.

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices.

SUBMITTER: Longchuphon M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10854664 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens.

Longchuphon Methisa M Chongrattanameteekul Peerawit P Mektrirat Raktham R Sringarm Korawan K Tapingkae Wanaporn W Srinual Orranee O Huanhong Kiattisak K Chaiphun Wipasiri W Arjin Chaiwat C Jaturasitha Sanchai S Lumsangkul Chompunut C

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20240204 3

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/k ...[more]

PMID: 38338157

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Project description:BackgroundAt present, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) is one of the most severe epidemics impacting pig farming globally. Despite the fact that a number of studies have been conducted on potential solutions to this problem, none have proven effective. The focus of problem solving is the use of natural ingredients such as plant extracts. Popular throughout Asia, Caesalpinia sappan (CS) is a therapeutic plant that inhibits PRRSV in vitro. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the efficacy of CS extract dietary supplementation on the productive performance, antibody levels, immunological indicators, and lung pathology of PRRSV-challenged weaned pigs. A total of 32 weaned piglets (28 days old) were randomized into 4 groups and kept separately for 14 days. The treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 factorial design involving two factors: PRRSV challenge and supplementation with 1 mg/kg CS extract. The pigs in the PRRSV-challenged groups were intranasally inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV (VR2332) containing 104 TCID50/mL, while those in the groups not challenged with PRRSV were inoculated with 2 mL of normal saline.ResultsIn the PRRSV-challenged group (CS + PRRSV), supplementation with CS extract led to an increase in white blood cells (WBCs) on Day 7 post infection (p < 0.05) and particularly in lymphocytes on Days 7 and 14. The antibody titer was significantly greater in the CS + PRRSV group than in the PRRSV-challenged group not administered CS (PRRSV group) on Day 14 postinfection (S/P = 1.19 vs. 0.78). In addition, CS extract administration decreased the prevalence of pulmonary lesions, which were more prevalent in the PRRSV-challenged pigs that did not receive the CS extract.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that supplementation with CS extract is beneficial for increasing WBC counts, especially lymphocytes, increasing the levels of antibodies and reducing the prevalence of lung lesions in PRRSV-infected pigs.

Project description:Ethnopharmacological relevanceCaesalpinia sappan is a common remedy in Traditional Chinese Medicine and possesses diverse biological activities including anti-inflammatory properties. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with an inflammatory component that drives the degradation of cartilage extracellular matrix. In order to provide a scientific basis for the applicability of Caesalpinia sappan in arthritic diseases, the present study aimed to assess the effects of an ethanolic Caesalpinia sappan extract (CSE) on human chondrocytes and macrophages.Materials and methodsPrimary human chondrocytes were isolated from cartilage specimens of OA patients. Primary cells, SW1353 chondrocytes and THP-1 macrophages were serum-starved and pretreated with different concentrations of CSE prior to stimulation with 10 ng/ml of interleukin-1beta (IL-1?) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Following viability tests, nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?) were evaluated by Griess assay and ELISA, respectively. Using validated real-time PCR assays, mRNA levels of IL-1?, TNF-?, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were quantified. SW1353 cells were cotransfected with a COX-2 luciferase reporter plasmid and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-?B) p50 and p65 expression vectors in the presence or absence of CSE.ResultsCSE dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1? and TNF-? in IL-1?-stimulated chondrocytes and LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. CSE further suppressed the synthesis of NO in primary OA chondrocytes by blocking iNOS mRNA expression. The inhibition of COX-2 transcription was found to be related with the CSE inhibition of the p65/p50-driven transactivation of the COX-2 promoter.ConclusionsThe present report is first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of CSE in an in vitro cell model of joint inflammation. CSE can effectively abrogate the IL-1?-induced over-expression of inflammatory mediators at the transcriptional level in human chondrocytes and macrophages, most likely by inhibiting NF-?B (p65/p50) signaling. Blockade of IL-1?-induced NF-?B signaling and its downstream pro-inflammatory targets by CSE may be beneficial for reducing cartilage breakdown in arthritis.

Project description:BackgroundIron overload and inflammation are severe conditions that can lead to various chronic diseases. However, the current iron chelator drugs have their limitations. The phytochemical compounds from herbals, such as brazilin, the major active compound in Caesalpinia sappan Linn., have significant therapeutic potential in various chronic diseases. Our study was designed to examine the effect of brazilin on iron chelating properties, antioxidant activity in hepatocytes, and anti-inflammatory potential in macrophages.MethodsThis study focused on the isolation, purification, and evaluation of brazilin, the principal bioactive constituent found in C. sappan wood. Brazilin was extracted via methanol maceration followed by column chromatography purification. The purified compound was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). The antioxidant potential of brazilin was assessed by in vitro assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Furthermore, its cellular antioxidant activity was evaluated using hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7). The iron-chelating capacity of brazilin was determined spectrophotometrically, and Job's plot method was used to elucidated the stoichiometry of the iron-brazilin complex formation. The anti-inflammatory properties of brazilin were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages (RAW 264.7). Nitric oxide (NO) inhibition was quantified using the Griess reagent, while the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were evaluated by RT-qPCR.ResultsThe results demonstrated that brazilin exhibited potent antioxidant activity in vitro and hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. It also showed anti-inflammatory activity, in which NO production was significantly reduced and IL-6 and TNF-α expression in LPS-induced macrophages were repressed. Furthermore, it can bind ferric and ferrous ions. Brazilin acts as a bidentate iron chelator that forms a complex with iron in a 2:1 ratio, and two water molecules are used as additional chelators in this complex.ConclusionsOur findings have significant implications. Brazilin can potentially alleviate the harmful effects of iron-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders.

Project description:Due to the exceptional laying performance of hens, the demand on lipid metabolism and oxidation in vivo is vigorous, resulting in excessive lipid accumulation in late-phase hens, which lowers the production performance. Bile acids regulate lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in humans and animals. However, the effect of porcine bile acids on lipid metabolism and cecal microbiota in laying hens in the late phase is still unclear. A total of 360 healthy 45-week-old laying hens were chosen for a 24-week feeding trial, where 0, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids were added to a basal diet, respectively. The results showed that dietary supplementation of 60 mg/kg bile acids increased egg production and feed conversion (P < 0.05). Also, 60 and 90 mg/kg porcine bile acids reduced abdominal fat percentage and body weight (P < 0.05). The levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of hens decreased (P < 0.05) in bile acids supplement groups. As for cecal microbiota, bile acids supplementation did not affect the alpha diversity of cecal microbiota at the genus level. Moreover, dietary supplementation of 90 mg/kg bile acids resulted in an increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the cecum, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Turicibacter. The changes in the cecal microbiota caused by bile acids supplementation correlated with serum lipid indexes. According to KEGG pathway analysis, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids promoted structural transformation of the cecal microbiota to down-regulate steroid biosynthesis, up-regulate fatty acid degradation and up-regulate unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Meanwhile, bile acids bio-isomerization function of cecal microbiota was enhanced in 60 and 90 mg/kg bile acids treatment, and the short-chain fatty acid metabolism was also affected. In conclusion, the present study revealed dietary supplementation of porcine bile acids enriched probiotics in the gut and improved serum lipid metabolism of laying hens. These findings demonstrate that porcine bile acids can be a potential gut beneficial promoter for late-phase laying hens.

Project description:BackgroundDietary essential oil (EO) supplementation can exert favorable effects on gut health in broilers. However, it is unknown whether EO could improve intestinal functions, consequently beneficial for egg performance and quality in late-phase laying hens. This study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of EO on production performance, egg quality, intestinal health and ileal microbiota of hens in the late phase of production. A total of 288 60-week-old Hy-line Brown laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with oregano EO at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (EO100, EO200 and EO400).ResultsDietary EO supplementation resulted in a quadratic decrease (P < 0.05) in feed conversion ratio with lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio in EO200 group than the control during weeks 9-12 and 1-12 of the trial. Compared to the control, EO addition resulted in higher (P < 0.05) eggshell thickness at the end of week. 4, 8 and 12 and higher (P < 0.05) chymotrypsin activity. There was a quadratic elevation (P < 0.05) in ileal chymotrypsin and lipase activity, along with a linear increase in villus height to crypt depth ratio. Quadratic declines (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TLR-4, concurrent with a linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) in ZO-1 expression were identified in the ileum with EO addition. These favorable effects were maximized at medium dosage (200 mg/kg) of EO addition and intestinal microbial composition in the control and EO200 groups were assessed. Dietary EO addition increased (P < 0.05) the abundances of Burkholderiales, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, Enterococcaceae and Bacillaceae, whereas decreased Shigella abundance in the ileum.ConclusionsDietary EO addition could enhance digestive enzyme activity, improve gut morphology, epithelial barrier functions and modulate mucosal immune status by altering microbial composition, thus favoring feed efficiency and eggshell quality of late-phase laying hens.

Dataset Information

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens.

Publications

Effects of Dietary Supplementation with <i>Caesalpinia sappan</i> Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens.

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