Polyphenols in Cereals: State of the Art of Available Information and Its Potential Use in Epidemiological Studies
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ficco D
PROVIDER: S-EPMC11243113 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jul
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Import from https://yareta.unige.ch/#/home/detail/1671012c-e04b-46cd-9628-45e264b49759
Objective : The objective of this study was to investigate whether clinical metabolomics, which is increasingly applied in population-based and epidemiological studies, can be used to provide analytical evidence of exposures, and whether such information can be useful to strengthen and/or complement corresponding clinical database entries, taking drug use as an example.
Study design and setting : Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics analyses were performed on urine from 100 randomly-selected control subjects (50% females) from the TransplantLines Food and Nutrition Biobank and Cohort Study (NCT identifier NCT02811835), and drugs were identified through spectral library searching and targeted signal extraction.
Results : In 83 subjects for whom drug use information was available, 22 expected and 26 unexpected prescription-only drugs were identified, while 28 expected prescription-only drugs remained undetected. In addition, 7 prescription-only drugs were found in 17 subjects for whom drug use information was unavailable, and 58 over-the-counter drugs were identified in all 100 subjects.
Conclusion : Molecular evidence for many drugs could be retrieved from LC-MS metabolomics data, which could be useful to complement and strengthen epidemiological databases given that considerable discrepancies were found between analytically-identified drugs and drugs listed in the available clinical database.
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Project description:BackgroundPrognostic factors are associated with the risk of a subsequent outcome in people with a given disease or health condition. Meta-analysis using individual participant data (IPD), where the raw data are synthesised from multiple studies, has been championed as the gold-standard for synthesising prognostic factor studies. We assessed the feasibility and conduct of this approach.MethodsA systematic review to identify published IPD meta-analyses of prognostic factors studies, followed by detailed assessment of a random sample of 20 articles published from 2006. Six of these 20 articles were from the IMPACT (International Mission for Prognosis and Analysis of Clinical Trials in traumatic brain injury) collaboration, for which additional information was also used from simultaneously published companion papers.ResultsForty-eight published IPD meta-analyses of prognostic factors were identified up to March 2009. Only three were published before 2000 but thereafter a median of four articles exist per year, with traumatic brain injury the most active research field. Availability of IPD offered many advantages, such as checking modelling assumptions; analysing variables on their continuous scale with the possibility of assessing for non-linear relationships; and obtaining results adjusted for other variables. However, researchers also faced many challenges, such as large cost and time required to obtain and clean IPD; unavailable IPD for some studies; different sets of prognostic factors in each study; and variability in study methods of measurement. The IMPACT initiative is a leading example, and had generally strong design, methodological and statistical standards. Elsewhere, standards are not always as high and improvements in the conduct of IPD meta-analyses of prognostic factor studies are often needed; in particular, continuous variables are often categorised without reason; publication bias and availability bias are rarely examined; and important methodological details and summary results are often inadequately reported.ConclusionsIPD meta-analyses of prognostic factors are achievable and offer many advantages, as displayed most expertly by the IMPACT initiative. However such projects face numerous logistical and methodological obstacles, and their conduct and reporting can often be substantially improved.
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Project description:PurposeTo review how outcomes of clinical utility are operationalized in current amyloid-PET validation studies, to prepare for formal assessment of clinical utility of amyloid-PET-based diagnosis.MethodsSystematic review of amyloid-PET research studies published up to April 2020 that included outcomes of clinical utility. We extracted and analyzed (a) outcome categories, (b) their definition, and (c) their methods of assessment.ResultsThirty-two studies were eligible. (a) Outcome categories were clinician-centered (found in 25/32 studies, 78%), patient-/caregiver-centered (in 9/32 studies, 28%), and health economics-centered (5/32, 16%). (b) Definition: Outcomes were mainly defined by clinical researchers; only the ABIDE study expressly included stakeholders in group discussions. Clinician-centered outcomes mainly consisted of incremental diagnostic value (25/32, 78%) and change in patient management (17/32, 53%); patient-/caregiver-centered outcomes considered distress after amyloid-pet-based diagnosis disclosure (8/32, 25%), including quantified burden of procedure for patients' outcomes (n = 8) (1/8, 12.5%), impact of disclosure of results (6/8, 75%), and psychological implications of biomarker-based diagnosis (75%); and health economics outcomes focused on costs to achieve a high-confidence etiological diagnosis (5/32, 16%) and impact on quality of life (1/32, 3%). (c) Assessment: all outcome categories were operationalized inconsistently across studies, employing 26 different tools without formal rationale for selection.ConclusionCurrent studies validating amyloid-PET already assessed outcomes for clinical utility, although non-clinician-based outcomes were inconsistent. A wider participation of stakeholders may help produce a more thorough and systematic definition and assessment of outcomes of clinical utility and help collect evidence informing decisions on reimbursement of amyloid-PET.
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