Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic disrupted national tuberculosis programs in high-burden countries. We hypothesize that COVID-19 occurrence had a delayed effect on tuberculosis case reports from the Indonesia Ministry of Health, also known as the tuberculosis case notification. The objectives of this study are: (1) to describe the potential effect of the reported COVID-19 cases on the spatial distribution of tuberculosis in four provinces of Sumatra Islands (Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, and Riau Provinces), Indonesia; (2) to estimate the temporal lag effect of the occurrence of COVID-19 on tuberculosis case notifications.MethodsWe retrieved data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health and the Indonesia COVID-19 Task Force. We also examined the monthly tuberculosis and COVID-19 case notifications. We identified time series clusters of tuberculosis case notifications and used lag non-linear model to assess the delayed effect of the occurrence of COVID-19 cases on tuberculosis case notifications.ResultsThe secondary data included 217,593 tuberculosis case notifications (January 2019 to December 2022) and 373,671 reported COVID-19 cases (January 2020 to December 2022). Time series cluster analysis revealed 5 clusters each for monthly tuberculosis case notifications and monthly reported COVID-19 cases. There was a negative association with a 0-month lag in more than 10,000 reported COVID-19 cases (RR = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91-0.98).ConclusionsThe findings suggested that Indonesia's national tuberculosis program in four provinces of Sumatra Island was disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lag analysis showed that COVID-19 case occurrence had an immediate effect on tuberculosis case notifications.Clinical trialNot applicable.

| S-EPMC11809051 | biostudies-literature

UN appoints official to combat threat from avian flu.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1246107 | biostudies-literature

Vaccinating poultry against avian flu is contributing to spread.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1289310 | biostudies-literature

Case report: two confirmed cases of human Seoul virus infections in Indonesia.

Project description:BackgroundSeoul virus (SEOV) is a member of hantavirus family, which is transmitted to humans by Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus. Diagnosing SEOV infection is difficult because the clinical presentations are often undifferentiated with other viral or bacterial infections and assays to test antibodies seroconversion and RNA detection are not available in resource-limited setting like Indonesia.Case presentationWe report two confirmed cases of SEOV infection from Indonesia. Here, we illustrate the clinical presentations, hematology and biochemistry profiles, and outcomes of the two cases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SEOV sequences have highest homology to isolates obtained from rodents in Indonesia.ConclusionsThis report highlights the importance of considering SEOV infection in febrile patients with lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevation of liver enzyme despite the absence of hemorrhagic manifestations and renal syndromes. The public health importance of rodent-borne diseases such as SEOV infection urges an integrated epidemiological surveillance both in humans and rodents in Indonesia.

| S-EPMC6240170 | biostudies-literature

A Multicenter Retrospective Review of Prone Position Ventilation (PPV) in Treatment of Severe Human H7N9 Avian Flu.

Project description:BackgroundPatients with H7N9 avian flu concurrent with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) usually have a poor clinical outcome. Prone position ventilation (PPV) has been shown to improve the prognosis of patients with severe ARDS. This study explored the effects of PPV on the respiratory and circulatory mechanics of H7N9-infected patients with severe ARDS.MethodsIndividuals admitted to four hospitals designated for H7N9 patients in Guangdong province were treated with PPV, and their clinical data were recorded before and after receiving PPV.ResultsSix of 20 critically ill patients in the ICU received PPV. After treatment with 35 PPV sessions, the oxygenation index (OI) values of the six patients when measured post-PPV and post-supine position ventilation (SPV) were significantly higher than those measured pre-PPV (P < 0.05).The six patients showed no significant differences in their values for respiratory rate (RR), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), tidal volume (TV) or arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) when compared pre-PPV, post-PPV, and post-SPV. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the mean values for arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), lactic acid (LAC) levels or the doses of norepinephrine (NE) administered when compared pre-PPV, post-PPV, and post-SPV.ConclusionPPV provided improved oxygenation that was sustained after returning to a supine position, and resulted in decreased carbon dioxide retention. PPV can thus serve as an alternative lung protective ventilation strategy for use in patients with H7N9 avian flu concurrent with severe ARDS.

| S-EPMC4552847 | biostudies-literature

Turkey reports more cases as Asia prepares for bird flu.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1336788 | biostudies-literature

Paradox of vaccination: is vaccination really effective against avian flu epidemics?

Project description:BackgroundAlthough vaccination can be a useful tool for control of avian influenza epidemics, it might engender emergence of a vaccine-resistant strain. Field and experimental studies show that some avian influenza strains acquire resistance ability against vaccination. We investigated, in the context of the emergence of a vaccine-resistant strain, whether a vaccination program can prevent the spread of infectious disease. We also investigated how losses from immunization by vaccination imposed by the resistant strain affect the spread of the disease.Methods and findingsWe designed and analyzed a deterministic compartment model illustrating transmission of vaccine-sensitive and vaccine-resistant strains during a vaccination program. We investigated how the loss of protection effectiveness impacts the program. Results show that a vaccination to prevent the spread of disease can instead spread the disease when the resistant strain is less virulent than the sensitive strain. If the loss is high, the program does not prevent the spread of the resistant strain despite a large prevalence rate of the program. The epidemic's final size can be larger than that before the vaccination program. We propose how to use poor vaccines, which have a large loss, to maximize program effects and describe various program risks, which can be estimated using available epidemiological data.ConclusionsWe presented clear and simple concepts to elucidate vaccination program guidelines to avoid negative program effects. Using our theory, monitoring the virulence of the resistant strain and investigating the loss caused by the resistant strain better development of vaccination strategies is possible.

| S-EPMC2657368 | biostudies-literature

Analysis of PB2 protein from H9N2 and H5N1 avian flu virus.

Project description:Influenza A viruses of subtype H9N2 are wide spread among poultry and other mammalian species. Crossing the species barrier from poultry to human occurred in recent years creating a pandemic of H9N2 virus. It is known that the pathogenicity of H9N2 is lower than H5N1. Nonetheless, it is important to establish the molecular functions of H9N2 viral proteins. We studied mutations in the polymerase protein PB2 of H9N2 from different strains and compared it with the highly pathogenic H5N1. The mutation M294T was found to be important in the N-myristoylation domain of Ck/UP/2573/India/04(H9N2) isolate. Prediction of secondary structures and PROSITE motif assignments were performed for PB2 to gain functional insight. Subsequently, the effect of mutations in secondary structures among strains is discussed.

| S-EPMC2586138 | biostudies-literature

UK avian flu surveillance system is inadequate, Lords inquiry is told.

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC1261212 | biostudies-literature