Melittin Nanoparticles Mitigate Glyphosate-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Cytokine Modulation and Bax/Nrf2 Pathways.

ABSTRACT: Background/Objectives: Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are widely used agrochemicals implicated in nephrotoxicity through mechanisms involving oxidative stress, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. Natural peptides such as melittin possess potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, their therapeutic use is limited by instability and toxicity. Nanotechnology-based encapsulation presents a promising approach to overcoming these challenges. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of melittin-loaded chitosan-TPP nanoparticles (MEL-NPs) against glyphosate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, with emphasis on oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, glyphosate (5 mg/k

SUBMITTER: Hamed AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12650702 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature