Stable and Water-Tolerant Deep Eutectic Solvent from Biomass-Derived 5‑Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and Levulinic Acid.

ABSTRACT: The development of greener extraction systems is essential to improving the sustainability of biomass valorization processes. Here we report that 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LEV)two bioderived platform molecules often coproduced in biomass processingspontaneously form a stable liquid phase over a broad compositional range. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermodynamic modeling reveal a eutectic composition near x _HMF = 0.39 with a melting temperature of 258 K and significant negative deviation from ideal behavior. The mixture remains liquid across a wide compositional range even in the presence of low water content (0.3-1.0 wt %), exhibiting deep eutectic solvent (DES)-like behavior. Structural and dynamic analyses using DSC, NMR spectr

SUBMITTER: Righetti GIC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12934199 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature