Dataset Information

Iron bioavailability of a casein-based iron fortificant compared with that of ferrous sulfate in whole milk: a randomized trial with a crossover design in adult women.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:A highly soluble iron-casein complex has been developed for food fortification purposes with the aim to provide high iron bioavailability. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine the iron bioavailability of the iron-casein complex relative to that of ferrous sulfate (control) when given with whole milk in healthy young women. METHODS:A randomized comparator-controlled trial with a crossover design was conducted using the erythrocyte incorporation dual stable isotope (57Fe, 58Fe) technique. Iron absorption from the iron-casein complex was compared with that from ferrous sulfate in 21 healthy women aged 20-38 y with normal iron status. RESULTS:Fractional iron absorption (geometric mean; -SD, +SD) from the iron-casein complex (3.4%; 1.4%, 5.4%) and from ferrous sulfate (3.9%; 1.7%, 6.1%) were not statistically different (P > 0.05). The relative bioavailability value of the iron-casein complex to ferrous sulfate was determined to be 0.87 (-1 SD, +1 SD: -0.90, +2.64). CONCLUSIONS:The iron-casein complex has iron bioavailability comparable to that of ferrous sulfate in healthy young women. This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12615000690550.

SUBMITTER: Henare SJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6885464 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Iron bioavailability of a casein-based iron fortificant compared with that of ferrous sulfate in whole milk: a randomized trial with a crossover design in adult women.

Henare Sharon J SJ Nur Singh Nadia N Ellis Ashling M AM Moughan Paul J PJ Thompson Abby K AK Walczyk Thomas T

The American journal of clinical nutrition 20191201 6

<h4>Background</h4>A highly soluble iron-casein complex has been developed for food fortification purposes with the aim to provide high iron bioavailability.<h4>Objective</h4>We aimed to determine the iron bioavailability of the iron-casein complex relative to that of ferrous sulfate (control) when given with whole milk in healthy young women.<h4>Methods</h4>A randomized comparator-controlled trial with a crossover design was conducted using the erythrocyte incorporation dual stable isotope (57F ...[more]

PMID: 31573611

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Project description:BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a widespread nutritional deficiency, and iron supplementation, especially with ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), is the most common strategy to treat IDA; however, compliance is often poor with daily FeSO4 owing to negative side effects. In a previous study, iron from iron-enriched Aspergillus oryzae [Ultimine® Koji Iron (ULT)] was absorbed similarly to FeSO4.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the safety of consuming ULT in terms of increasing non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) and gastrointestinal distress.MethodsYoung female participants (n = 16) with serum ferritin <40 μg/L were randomly assigned to a double-blind, 9-wk crossover study with a 3-wk placebo/washout period between treatments. Oral FeSO 4 and ULT supplements containing 65 mg Fe were administered daily for 21 consecutive days. On day 1, serum iron (SI), percentage transferrin saturation (%TS), and NTBI were measured for 8 h on the first day of iron consumption. Changes in biochemical indicators were evaluated after 3 wk consumption. Side effects questionnaires were completed weekly on 2 randomly selected weekdays and 1 weekend day for the entire study.ResultsSI, %TS, and NTBI were all markedly higher during hours 2-8 (P < 0.001) with FeSO4 than with ULT. Oxidative stress, inflammatory, and kidney and liver function markers remained unchanged with both supplementations compared with placebo. Changes in iron status markers were not significantly different among the 3 treatments. Individual or global side effects were not significantly different among all treatments. Even when common side effects of nausea, constipation, and diarrhea were combined, FeSO4 treatment had a significantly higher effect than ULT (P = 0.04) and placebo (P = 0.004) only at week 3, but the difference was not significant between ULT and placebo.ConclusionsLow NTBI production and fewer common gastrointestinal side effects with ULT suggest that it is a safe oral iron supplement to treat IDA. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04018300.

Project description:Iron has been implicated in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases, including ocular siderosis. However, the mechanisms of iron-induced retinal toxicity are incompletely understood. Previous work shows that intravitreal injection of Fe2+ leads to photoreceptor (PR) oxidative stress, resulting in PR death within 14 days, and cones are more susceptible than rods to iron-induced oxidative damage. In order to further investigate the mechanism of intravitreal iron-induced retinal toxicity and shed light on mechanisms of iron-induced retinopathy in other mouse models, Fe2+, Fe3+, or saline were injected into the vitreous of adult wild-type mice. Pre-treatment with Ferrostatin-1 was used to investigate whether iron-induced retinal toxicity resulted from ferroptosis. Color and autofluorescence in vivo retinal imaging and optical coherence tomography were performed on day 2 and day 7 post-injection. Eyes were collected for quantitative PCR and Western analysis on day 1 and for immunofluorescence on both day 2 and 7. In vivo imaging and immunofluorescence revealed that Fe2+, but not Fe3+, induced PR oxidative damage and autofluorescence on day 2, resulting in PR death and retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) autofluorescence on day 7. Quantitative PCR and Western analysis on day 1 indicated that both Fe2+ and Fe3+ induced iron accumulation in the retina. However, only Fe2+ elevated levels of oxidative stress markers and components of ferroptosis in the retina, and killed PRs. Ferrostatin-1 failed to protect the retina from Fe2+-induced oxidative damage. To investigate the mechanism of Fe2+-induced RPE autofluorescence, rd10 mutant mice aged 6 weeks, with almost total loss of PRs, were given intravitreal Fe2+ or Fe3+ injections: neither induced RPE autofluorescence. This result suggests Fe2+-induced RPE autofluorescence in wild-type mice resulted from phagocytosed, oxidized outer segments. Together these data suggest that intraretinal Fe2+ causes PR oxidative stress, leading to PR death and RPE autofluorescence.

Dataset Information

Iron bioavailability of a casein-based iron fortificant compared with that of ferrous sulfate in whole milk: a randomized trial with a crossover design in adult women.

Publications

Iron bioavailability of a casein-based iron fortificant compared with that of ferrous sulfate in whole milk: a randomized trial with a crossover design in adult women.

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