Dataset Information

Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Severe energy deficits cause interrelated reductions in testosterone and fat free mass. Testosterone supplementation may mitigate those decrements, but could also reduce circulating concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, thereby exacerbating energy deficit by suppressing appetite.

Objective

To determine whether testosterone supplementation during severe energy deficit influences fasting and postprandial ghrelin concentrations and appetite.

Design and methods

Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial that determined the effects of testosterone supplementation on body composition changes during and following severe energy deficit in nonobese, eugonadal men. Phase 1 (PRE-ED): 14-day run-in; phase 2: 28 days, 55% energy deficit with 200 mg testosterone enanthate weekly (TEST; n = 24) or placebo (PLA; n = 26); phase 3: free-living until body mass recovered (end-of-study; EOS). Fasting and postprandial acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations and appetite were secondary outcomes measured during the final week of each phase.

Results

Fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations, and postprandial acyl and des-acyl ghrelin concentrations increased in PLA during energy deficit then returned to PRE-ED values by EOS, but did not change in TEST (phase-by-group, P < 0.05). Correlations between changes in free testosterone and changes in fasting acyl ghrelin concentrations during energy deficit (ρ = -0.42, P = 0.003) and body mass recovery (ρ = -0.38; P = 0.01) were not mediated by changes in body mass or body composition. Transient increases in appetite during energy deficit were not affected by testosterone treatment.

Conclusions

Testosterone supplementation during short-term, severe energy deficit in healthy men prevents deficit-induced increases in circulating ghrelin without blunting concomitant increases in appetite.

Clinical trials registration

www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02734238 (registered 12 April 2016).

SUBMITTER: Karl JP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7101089 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men.

Karl J Philip JP Berryman Claire E CE Harris Melissa N MN Lieberman Harris R HR Gadde Kishore M KM Rood Jennifer C JC Pasiakos Stefan M SM

Journal of the Endocrine Society 20200303 4

<h4>Background</h4>Severe energy deficits cause interrelated reductions in testosterone and fat free mass. Testosterone supplementation may mitigate those decrements, but could also reduce circulating concentrations of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, thereby exacerbating energy deficit by suppressing appetite.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine whether testosterone supplementation during severe energy deficit influences fasting and postprandial ghrelin concentrations and appetite.<h4>Design and metho ...[more]

PMID: 32258956

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Project description:Introduction/purposeThe effects of testosterone on energy and substrate metabolism during energy deficit are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of weekly testosterone enanthate (TEST; 200 mg·wk -1 ) injections on energy expenditure, energy substrate oxidation, and related gene expression during 28 d of energy deficit compared with placebo (PLA).MethodsAfter a 14-d energy balance phase, healthy men were randomly assigned to TEST ( n = 24) or PLA ( n = 26) for a 28-d controlled diet- and exercise-induced energy deficit (55% below total energy needs by reducing energy intake and increasing physical activity). Whole-room indirect calorimetry and 24-h urine collections were used to measure energy expenditure and energy substrate oxidation during balance and deficit. Transcriptional regulation of energy and substrate metabolism was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction from rested/fasted muscle biopsy samples collected during balance and deficit.ResultsPer protocol design, 24-h energy expenditure increased ( P < 0.05) and energy intake decreased ( P < 0.05) in TEST and PLA during deficit compared with balance. Carbohydrate oxidation decreased ( P < 0.05), whereas protein and fat oxidation increased ( P < 0.05) in TEST and PLA during deficit compared with balance. Change (∆; deficit minus balance) in 24-h energy expenditure was associated with ∆activity factor ( r = 0.595), but not ∆fat-free mass ( r = 0.147). Energy sensing (PRKAB1 and TP53), mitochondria (TFAM and COXIV), fatty acid metabolism (CD36/FAT, FABP, CPT1b, and ACOX1) and storage (FASN), and amino acid metabolism (BCAT2 and BCKHDA) genes were increased ( P < 0.05) during deficit compared with balance, independent of treatment.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that increased physical activity and not exogenous testosterone administration is the primary determinate of whole-body and skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations during diet- and exercise-induced energy deficit.

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Dataset Information

Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men.

Background

Objective

Design and methods

Results

Conclusions

Clinical trials registration

Publications

Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Ghrelin and Appetite During and After Severe Energy Deficit in Healthy Men.

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