Project description:S. aureus and MRSA are susceptible to TTO and are therefore targeted in nascent TTO clinical trails. We now report the alterations in the transcriptome of a S. aureus exposed to a growth inhibitory concentration of TTO. These efforts have uncovered additional mechanisms by which this membrane active antimicrobial substance inhibits bacterial growth.
Project description:S. aureus and MRSA are susceptible to TTO and are therefore targeted in nascent TTO clinical trails. We now report the alterations in the transcriptome of a S. aureus exposed to a growth inhibitory concentration of TTO. These efforts have uncovered additional mechanisms by which this membrane active antimicrobial substance inhibits bacterial growth. Four hybridizations, including a biological replicate and a dye-swap experiment for each replicate was carried out. LOWESS normalization was performed on the raw data to correct for dye-bias. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance analysis of microarrays (SAM, MultiExperiment Viewer, ver. 4.0) unpaired contrast. A d-statistic was calculated for each gene based on repeated permutations, and a false discovery rate FDR of 0.01 was used to assign a critical cutoff for significance.
Project description:Purpose: High-throughput RNA sequencing has been used to examine mRNA expression profiles in fungal cells treated with essential oils. The goals of this study are to analyze the global gene expression profiles in Botrytis cinerea with or without tea tree oil and its two characteristic components treatment by RNA-Seq. Methods: The mRNA profiles of Botrytis cinerea with or without tea tree oil and its two characteristic components treatment were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq™ 2500 sequencing platform. The sequence reads that passed quality filters were analyzed at the transcript isoform level with two methods: Burrows–Wheeler Aligner (BWA) followed by ANOVA (ANOVA) and TopHat followed by Cufflinks. qRT–PCR was performed to verified the sensitivity of the RNA-seq method. Results: After high-throughput RNA sequencing, reads were filtered to yield 111.22 Gb of clean sequence data. The GC content for all samples exceeded 45%. The Q20 ratio (used to evaluate reads quality) was greater than 94%, and Q30 base percentage was at least 87.07%. Altered expression of 7 genes was confirmed with qRT–PCR, demonstrating the high degree of sensitivity of the RNA-seq method. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from B. cinera cells treated with terpinen-4-ol participated in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and the metabolism of amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid. 1,8-cineole mainly affected DEGs involved in genetic information processing, and thus inducing cell death. Conclusions: Terpinen-4-ol exerts antifungal activity mainly by blocking the expression of genes related to cell integrity and mitochondrial function. 1,8-cineole primarily affects genes involved in genetic information processing including DNA replication, transcription and repair. This study provides insight into the molecular mechanism by which tea tree oil acts against Botrytis cinerea based on the data from RNA-seq.